Dielectric studies of the effect of water on the relaxation properties of nitroglycerine-nitrocellulose mixtures

Dielectric relaxation and water adsorption data are reported on mixtures of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine which have been exposed to moisture to varying degrees. It was observed that the characteristics of these systems depend on the level of nitrogen in the base polymer. At 10.9% hydroxyl sites still exist which can effectively interact with the moisture, whereas at 12.9% the free hydroxyls appear to be incorporated into the ordered semi-crystalline regions of the polymer. The addition of water to nitroglycerine-nitrocellulose mixtures has little effect on the dominant beta relaxation other than to narrow the distribution of relaxations. The relaxation process is, in this case, associated with a cooperative relaxation of nitroglycerine moieties. Water has the effect of decreasing the cooperativity of the beta relaxation process.     

改性水性硝化纤维素乳液研究

采用醇酸树脂转相乳化法和丙烯酸酯类单体互穿聚合物网络聚合法制备改性硝化纤维素乳液。研究了醇酸树脂、丙烯酸酯类单体乳化剂用量等因素对乳液性能的影响。结果表明，丙烯酸酯类单体改性互穿聚合物网络聚合法制得的乳液效果好.     

Nitration of Wood Cellulose in HNO_3/Organic Solvent Medium

Wood celluloseis a mainraw material for prepar-ing NC[1],there are different reactivities of the threehydroxyl groups in an anhydrogluose unit,in differ-ent positions along molecular chain and within differ-ent points of cellulose samples[2].Allowance shouldbe madefor the existenceincellulose of tworegions ofunequal accessibility to reactants.The“amorphous”regionis more or less freely accessible to all the con-stituents of the nitrating bath,and hydroxyl groupshere are esterified without any…     

欧洲某硝化纤维素连续化制备工艺研究

为提高硝化纤维素的生产效率与安全性,分析俄罗斯企业连续化制备工艺。从原材料、工艺线改造、配套装置的改进以及安全性分析等方面,对以喀山火炸药兵工厂为代表的新型硝化纤维素自动化生产线进行介绍。结果表明：经历改造后该生产线使劳动生产率提高了10%～15%,提升了安全生产,为我国火炸药行业自动化生产线及包装工艺线的升级改造提供了参考。     

高VOC木用硝基涂料亟须用低污染型涂料品种代替

介绍了以硝酸纤维素酯为基础的涂料(NC涂料)的性能特点、发展现状,叙述NC木器涂料含高VOC和高苯类溶剂的不足、面临被列入环保部高污染产品的严峻形势,提出亟须用水性NC涂料代替的建议。     

二苯胺对硝化棉的等温热分解动力学的影响

为研究二苯胺(DPA)对硝化棉(NC)的等温热分解动力学的影响,采用等温热分解量气装置,获得378.15～398.15 K时NC/DPA(3%)混合样品热分解产生气体的压力随时间变化曲线,该曲线中存在明显的拐点。通过Arrhenius方程和模式配合法获得NC/DPA(3%)混合样品在拐点前和拐点后的等温热分解动力学参数。采用Berthelot方程外推得到不同温度下NC/DPA的贮存寿命。结果表明,拐点前NC/DPA(3%)混合样品的活化能为164.6 kJ·mol~(-1),拐点后NC/DPA(3%)混合样品的活化能为150.4 kJ·mol~(-1);与原料NC相比,拐点前NC/DPA(3%)混合样品的活化能提高17.7 kJ·mol~(-1);以分解深度0.1%作为评判标准,室温下NC/DPA(3%)混合样品可贮存18.3年,表明添加3%DPA后可延长NC贮存寿命7.7年。     

退役炮弹发射药在涂料中的应用

以退役炮弹发射药为原料,全部或部分代替传统的硝基纤维素(NC)应用在硝基漆系列产品中,除产品性能达到原标准外,也大幅降低了生产成本,既节省了能源又具有良好的经济效益。     

酮树脂的制备及其在硝基漆中的应用

利用环已酮精馏残渣制备新型酮树脂，该树脂具有优良的综合性能。本文介绍了用酮树脂改性硝基黑磁漆配方、制备工艺以及性能测试指标，克服了原硝基黑磁漆的缺点，提高了该漆的综合性能，降低了成本。     

Combined evaluation of nitrocellulose-based propellants: toxicity,performance, and erosivity

ABSTRACT

New formulations of nitrocellulose-based propellants were evaluated aiming less-toxicity-and-less-erosivity. Three original ingredients of M-14 propellant – dinitrotoluene, dibutyl phthalate, and diphenylamine – were replaced. The new formulations, with ballistic performances similar to M-14, were based on ethylcentralite, akardite-II, RDX, diethylene glycol dinitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC). The toxicities of the crude ingredients were analyzed. The H₂ content in the combustion products was a key point in the analysis. The best results were found to the compositions based on ATBC and akardite-II only. The work can be used to guide future works related to new formulations of propellants.     

溶剂乳化剂对水性硝基木器漆乳液稳定性的影响

本文讨论了混合溶剂的组成对水乳化硝基木器漆性能的影响,研究了混合溶剂中添加DBE对提高水性硝基木器漆乳液稳定性的作用。简述了乳化剂对乳液稳定性的作用,实验数据表明,制备水包油(O/W)型水乳化硝基木器漆乳液时的最适宜HLB值范围为13.1～13.2。