MC尼龙重载承压地板井下巷道铺设工艺研究

我国煤矿井下无轨运输混凝土路面铺设成本高，并且受开采应力、巷道底板地质条件等影响，其应用受到限制。重载车辆的频繁碾压极易使路面发生损坏，从而影响正常开采效率还带来高昂的维护费用。为解决这一问题，采用MC尼龙重载承压地板代替传统混凝土铺设路面，进行了MC尼龙重载承压地板井下巷道铺设的工艺研究。通过对承压板井下铺设方案的制定、承压地板型式的研发、地板的整体连接及稳定性研发等，实现了高效的作业效率，更为安全、清洁的作业环境以及更低的成本，进而达到了“以塑代混凝土”的实际示范意义。该铺设工艺为井下无轨运输的采区路面、工作面搬家通道、临时路面以及其他应急路面、硐室地板的应用提供了良好的方案借鉴。     

合成生物学在生物基塑料制造中的应用

合成生物学是以工程学思想为指导，对天然生物基因组进行改造和重构，合成新的生物元件，构建新的代谢途径，生产新产品或获得新表型的新兴学科。生物基塑料是以天然物质为原料在微生物作用或化学反应下生成的塑料。利用合成生物学改造工程菌株的方法制备合成生物基塑料已经成为学术界和产业界关注的热点。本文综述了合成生物学的发展和重要的合成生物学技术，重点综述了利用合成生物学技术构建聚羟基烷酸酯、尼龙、聚乳酸和丁二酸丁二醇酯等生物基塑料聚合物单体及其衍生物的代谢途径和工程优化领域的研究进展。     

Properties of polyamide 6,10/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends and impact on oxygen barrier performance

The oxygen transmission rate, average volume of free‐volume cavities (V_f) and fractional free volume (F_v) of polyamide 6,10 (PA610)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (i.e. PA610_xPVA⁰⁵_y, PA610_xPVA⁰⁸_y and PA610_xPVA¹⁴_y) blend films reduced to minimum values when their PVA contents reached corresponding optimal values. Oxygen transmission rate, V_f and F_v values obtained for optimal PA610_xPVA^z_y blown films were reduced considerably with decreasing PVA degrees of polymerization. The oxygen transmission rate of the optimal bio‐based PA610₈₀PVA⁰⁵₂₀ blown film was only 2.4 cm³ (m²·day·atm)^?1, which is about the same as that of the most often used high‐barrier polymer, ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer. Experimental findings from dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the PA610_xPVA^z_y blends indicate that PA610 and PVA in the blends are miscible to some extent at the molecular level when the PVA contents are less than or equal to the corresponding optimal values. The considerably enhanced oxygen barrier properties of the PA610_xPVA^z_y blend films with optimized compositions are attributed to the significantly reduced local free‐volume characteristics. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Diffuse reflectance behavior of the printed cotton/nylon blend fabrics treated with zirconium and cerium dioxide and citric acid in near- and short-wave IR radiation spectral ranges

Near- and short-wave IR emission spectra of printed cotton/nylon blend fabrics coated with inorganic compounds in order to tune their diffuse reflectance behavior to the ones with woodland and desert backgrounds are investigated. In this regard, cotton/nylon blend fabrics printed with a four-color digital pattern were used as the substrate, and different concentrations of zirconium and cerium dioxide (ZrO₂ and CeO₂) with and without citric acid as a cross-linker were loaded on these fabrics using the pad-dry-cure method. The diffuse reflectance of the coated fabrics with various concentrations of nanoparticles and a cross-linker was first measured by near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Then, fabrics with an optimum concentration of nanoparticles and appropriate reflectivity profiles similar to woodland and desert were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), washing, and rubbing fastness properties. In general, NIR and short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance of fabrics coated with ZrO₂ and CeO₂ nanoparticles in range of 1% to 1.5% (w/v [%]) was suitable for matching with different environments. According to the findings obtained from the durability test, it was concluded that the washing fastness of the treated fabrics with CeO₂ nanoparticles was excellent in both environments. FE-SEM images of the treated fabrics containing ZrO₂ and CeO₂ indicated that the presence of nanoparticles on the surface of fabrics in woodland patterns was greater than the desert ones. However, the coated fabrics with CeO₂ and citric acid in the woodland pattern have shown better dispersion with a mean particle size of 30 to 60 nm.     

Polydimethylsiloxane/monomer casting nylon copolymers: Preparation,flame-retardant properties,and wear-resistant properties

In order to improve the toughness, wear resistance, and combustion properties of the monomer casting nylon (MC nylon) materials, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) segment is bonded to the nylon molecular chain by copolymerization. PDMS/MC nylon copolymers are prepared via in situ anionic polymerization with macro-activator based on PDMS terminated with hexamethylene diisocyanate. The effects of different macro-activator content on the mechanical properties, water absorption, thermal stability, friction and wear properties, and combustion properties of the copolymers are characterized. The results show that the impact strength of the copolymer improves significantly (optimally increases by 2.6 times) and the water absorption rate decreases with the increase of PDMS content. The introduction of the silicon–oxygen structure reduces the peak heat release rate of copolymer materials (optimally decreases about 28.7%), while it promotes the decomposition of the system, resulting in a slight decrease in the thermal stability of the materials. Adding 5 wt % PDMS can decrease the wear loss of MC nylon from 6.2 mg of pure nylon to 1.6 mg. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48753.     

Flame retardant finishing of the polyester/cotton blend fabric using a cross‐linkable hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer

Blend fabrics of cotton and polyester are widely used in apparel, but high flammability becomes a major obstacle for applications of those fabrics in fire protective clothing. The objective of this research was to investigate the flame retardant finishing of a 50/50 polyester/cotton blend fabric. It was discovered previously that N,N′‐dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) was able to bond a hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) onto 50/50 nylon/cotton blend fabrics. In this research, the HFPO/DMDHEU system was applied to a 50/50 polyester/cotton twill fabric. The polyester/cotton fabric treated with 36% HFPO and 10% DMDHEU achieved char length of 165 mm after 20 laundering cycles. The laundering durability of the treated fabric was attributed to the formation of polymeric cross‐linked networks. The HFPO/DMDHEU system significantly reduced peak heat release rate (PHRR) of cotton on the treated polyester/cotton blend fabric, but its effects on polyester were marginal. HFPO/DMDHEU reduced PHRR of both nylon and cotton on the treated nylon/cotton fabric. It was also discovered that the nitrogen of DMDHEU was synergistic to enhance the flame retardant performance of HFPO on the polyester/cotton fabric.     

Morphology and crystallization behavior of nylon 6‐clay/neat nylon 6 bicomponent nanocomposite fibers

Nylon 6‐clay hybrid/neat nylon 6, sheath/core bicomponent nanocomposite fibers containing 4 wt % of clay in sheath section, were melt spun at different take‐up speeds. Their molecular orientation and crystalline structure were compared to those of neat nylon 6 fibers. Moreover, the morphology of the bicomponent fibers and dispersion of clay within the fibers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Birefringence measurements showed that the orientation development in sheath part was reasonably high while core part showed negligibly low birefringence. Results of differential scanning calorimetry showed that crystallinity of bicomponent fibers was lower than that of neat nylon 6 fibers. The peaks of γ‐crystalline form were observed in the wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction of bicomponent and neat nylon 6 fibers in the whole take‐up speed, while α‐crystalline form started to appear at high speeds in bicomponent fibers. TEM micrographs revealed that the clay platelets were individually and evenly dispersed in the nylon 6 matrix. The neat nylon 6 fibers had a smooth surface while striped pattern was observed on the surface of bicomponent fibers containing clay. This was speculated to be due to thermal shrinkage of the core part after solidification of the sheath part in the spin‐line. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 39996.     

双恶唑啉及环氧类扩链剂对PA6的改性效果比较

通过熔融挤出的方法分别用环氧类扩链剂和双恶唑啉类扩链剂对尼龙(PA)6进行扩链增黏,并对扩链产物的特性黏度,力学性能和加工性能等进行了测试,对比了两类扩链剂对PA6的改性效果。结果表明,当这两类扩链剂的质量分数均为0.9%时,PA6的各项性能最佳;双恶唑啉类扩链剂对PA6的改性效果比环氧类扩链剂要好。相对于纯PA6,添加质量分数为0.9%的双恶唑啉类扩链剂,可使扩链PA6的特性黏度由0.86 d L/g增加到1.57 d L/g,熔体流动速率由14.3 g/10 min降到5 g/10 min,缺口冲击强度由5.5 k J/m2增加到7.3 k J/m2,拉伸强度由54 MPa增加到65.85 MPa,断裂伸长率由130%增加到450.9%,弯曲强度由53.16 MPa增加到72.66 MPa,平衡扭矩由2.1 N·m升高到5.3 N·m。     

无卤阻燃增强高流动性尼龙6的研究

采用高流动性尼龙(PA)6为原料,制备了一系列玻璃纤维(GF)增强无卤阻燃PA6材料。考察了材料配方和挤出工艺对改性材料阻燃性能、力学性能、热性能及熔体流动速率(MFR)的影响,并对其原因进行了分析。结果表明,与普通PA6相比,高流动性PA6由于熔体黏度低、MFR高,有利于无卤阻燃剂和GF在基体材料内的混合和分散,因此在同样配方和工艺条件下,显示出更好的阻燃效果与更优的力学性能。     

医用尼龙血液过滤网材料的差热分析

医用尼龙血液过滤网材料的标准鉴别方法为差热分析(DSC),但尼龙材料的多重熔融以及加工历史、测试条件等给熔点测试带来许多不确定因素。文章通过改变DSC测试条件,测试某定型尼龙血液过滤网材料,分析其材料种类和加工热历史等信息,并进一步确定应用差热分析技术定性鉴别常见医用尼龙血液过滤网材料品种的合理程序。