Microbial treatment of waxy crude oil for mitigating wax precipitation and improving liquidity

The wax deposition of crude oil during transportation reduces the inner diameter, blocks the pipeline, and eventually increases the cost of petroleum production. This study reports a paraffin-degrading bacterial strain DG2 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. The effect of this strain on the removal of paraffin in crude oil was investigated. DG2, identified as Pseudomonas, produced biosurfactant that reduced the surface tension to 35.7?mN/m^?1 and exhibited high emulsification activity. Results of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the waxy crude oil treated by DG2 showed decreased heavy hydrocarbon fractions (C25 and C32). The degradation test revealed that DG2 reduced the wax appearance temperature by 4.16?°C and the viscosity by 23% of the waxy crude oil. These findings indicate that paraffin-degradation strain DG2 may be used for effective paraffin biodegradation.     

Effect of comb-type copolymer on crystallization of paraffin from waxy oils and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) -toluene dewaxing

In this research, maleic anhydride-α-octadecene copolymer and its derivative with phenylethylamine was synthesized and its effect on the crystallization of paraffins was investigated. This derivative, when added into second cut of vacuum gas oil and forth cut of vacuum gas oil, increases the size and improves aggregation of paraffin crystals observed by polarizing light microscopy, increases onset temperature and enthalpy of paraffin crystallization determined by differential scanning calorimetry, improves the dewaxing efficiency with dosage of 100?ppm explored by MEK-toluene dewaxing.     

Research on paraffin removal and prevention by Bacillus spp. in high-salinity reservoirs

Problems in paraffin deposition occur frequently in oil exploitation. Considering the problem that some paraffin removal and prevention strains cannot grow in high-salinity reservoirs, we domesticated four salt-tolerant laboratory bacterial strains. Crude oil emulsification effect, paraffin removal rate, and paraffin prevention rate of the strains were evaluated. KB and JH-A strains exhibited good paraffin removal and prevention effects, with paraffin removal rates of 51.82% and 81.56%; and 51.82% and 80.90%, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of paraffin components before and after biodegradation was performed on KB and JH-A strains. Results showed that relative contents of n-alkanes between C15–C23 and C27–C30 evidently decreased, indicating their good biodegradation. This technique provides a new method for practical application of paraffin removal and prevention in high-salinity reservoirs.     

相变材料在路面裂缝修补技术中的应用

以石蜡为相变材料、聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿网络聚合物为载体,采用一步法制备含有相变调温功能的路面裂缝修补材料。通过差示扫描量热(DSC),结果表明,材料A的熔化潜热值为45.7 kJ/kg,相变温度为-0.3℃;红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重(TG)结果表明,石蜡很好地分散在互穿网络聚合物载体中,与载体间没有发生化学反应,热稳定性保持在300℃以上。     

泡沫铜内石蜡凝固的孔隙尺度实验研究

对泡沫铜内石蜡凝固相变进行孔隙尺度实验研究。采用高分辨率相机与红外热像仪对凝固过程相场与温度场进行可视化,并通过热电偶测量石蜡与泡沫铜骨架局部温度以获得相变过程热响应及热非平衡特性。揭示了泡沫铜孔隙内凝固相变中包括固液相界面移动、液态石蜡流动及石蜡体积收缩等多个物理过程。研究表明:在多物理过程交互影响下,泡沫铜可高效扩展凝固相界面、提升样品热响应速率,采用孔隙率为0.974的泡沫铜可将石蜡凝固相变速率提升至2.8倍;泡沫铜能有效避免石蜡凝固过程由体积收缩引起的裂缝问题,消除由其引起的热阻;石蜡与泡沫铜骨架间存在局部热非平衡性,且在相变阶段尤为明显。     

干气中烷烃、烯烃新型分离吸附剂的研究进展

综述了二十年来烯烃烷烃新型分离吸附剂的研究进展,与传统的π络合吸附剂相比,优先吸附烯烃的吸附剂包括金属有机材料（MOF）、Engelhard Titanosilicate （ETS）、高硅分子筛和介孔分子筛,主要是利用氢键作用、孔径大小、分子扩散速率差异或π络合作用,将烷烃烯烃分离;而优先吸附烷烃的吸附剂包括AlMePO-α、ZIF-7和凹凸棒黏土,主要利用吸附剂上甲基与烷烃的相互作用。MOF对烯烃吸附量大,但选择性较差;高硅分子筛对烯烃的动力学分离效果良好;介孔分子筛经过渡金属改性后,对烯烃有优良的选择性;ETS类对烯烃有较高的吸附量和选择性,且稳定性强,有很好的应用前景。     

丙烯酸在石蜡微胶囊制备中的应用

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)和石蜡为原料,采用悬浮聚合法制备了石蜡/P(MMA-co-AA)相变储能微胶囊。研究了MMA与AA加入比例、油相与水相质量比等因素对石蜡微胶囊芯材含量等的影响,利用扫描量热仪(DSC)、电子显微镜(SEM)表征了所制备石蜡微胶囊的热性能、形貌等。结果表明:AA加入比例过大时,微胶囊易结块,不易形成微胶囊,微胶囊轮廓呈球形,其相变温度为27.21℃,相变潜热为81.58 J/g,芯材含量达到72.32%。     

石蜡氯化反应异常停止的原因

氯化石蜡生产中因液氯质量问题引起反应终止,分析了影响液氯质量的因素（主要是液氯中硫酸、二氧化硫、铁的化合物、水分、光气及二氧化氯等含量超标）,提出了解决措施.     

基于微波加热的热膨胀微球/石蜡/石墨自修复功能材料的制备及其在砂浆中的应用

以热膨胀微球、石蜡和石墨为原料制备了一种快速修复混凝土裂缝的新型微波加热自修复功能材料(MHSFM)。研究了热膨胀微球掺量对MHSFM体积膨胀率的影响,测试了在微波作用下MHSFM和掺加MHSFM砂浆的升温速率,评价了MHSFM掺量对砂浆力学性能、抗渗性能和自修复性能的影响。结果表明,MHSFM的体积膨胀率随着热膨胀微球掺量增加而增大。在微波作用下,砂浆的升温速率随MHSFM掺量的增加而明显加快。MHSFM对砂浆的力学性能和抗渗性能有一定的影响,但会显著增强砂浆的自修复性能,掺加12%(质量分数)MHSFM的砂浆在微波作用下可快速愈合0.53 mm的裂缝。