Preparation and characterisation of films from xylose‐glycosylated peanut protein isolate powder

This work aimed at producing and characterising xylose‐glycosylated peanut protein isolate (PPI‐X) films by dissolving PPI‐X powder in water at ambient temperature and further plasticising with glycerol. The effect of powder dissolution temperature (20–100 °C) and glycerol concentration (15.0–45.0%, w/w) on mechanical properties and integrity of these films was quantified. The results showed that the powder dissolution temperature had no significant effect on the mechanical and water resistance properties of PPI‐X films within the temperature range tested. With increasing concentration of glycerol, the tensile strength and water resistance of PPI‐X films decreased and elongation increased. The films produced by dissolving the PPI‐X powder at 20 °C and plasticising with 25.0% glycerol had comparable mechanical properties and better water resistance compared to some other plant protein films plasticising with glycerol. The results suggested that PPI‐X films could potentially be used as biodegradable packaging materials.     

氯化铁/氯化钠催化木糖反应萃取过程优化

为解决糠醛生产过程中收率低和污染严重等问题,提出使用氯化铁/氯化钠复合催化木糖经反应萃取生产糠醛的新工艺。首先研究了催化剂用量对反应过程的影响,得到了最优的催化剂添加量。然后以获得降解过程中较高的木糖转化率和糠醛收率为目的,通过响应曲面法研究了反应温度(170—210℃)、溶剂比(体积比1—5)、反应时间(15—75 min)对木糖降解过程的影响,并建立了木糖转化率和糠醛收率的二次多项式模型。由响应面分析和方程模型优化可以得到木糖降解过程的最优降解条件:反应温度190℃,溶剂比4,反应时间48 min,此时木糖转化率为93.1%,糠醛收率为75.6%。在最优降解条件下的实验验证结果与模型预测值非常接近,说明模型是适用的。     

Conversion efficiency of glucose/xylose mixtures for ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae ITV01 and Pichia stipitis NRRL Y‐7124

BACKGROUND: Efficient conversion of glucose/xylose mixtures from lignocellulose is necessary for commercially viable ethanol production. Oxygen and carbon sources are of paramount importance for ethanol yield. The aim of this work was to evaluate different glucose/xylose mixtures for ethanol production using S. cerevisiae ITV‐01 (wild type yeast) and P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 and the effect of supplying oxygen in separate and co‐culture processes. RESULTS: The complete conversion of a glucose/xylose mixture (75/30 g L^?1) was obtained using P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 under aerobic conditions (0.6 vvm), the highest yield production being Y_p/s = 0.46 g g^?1, volumetric ethanol productivity Q_pmax = 0.24 g L^?1 h^?1 and maximum ethanol concentration P_max = 34.5 g L^?1. In the co‐culture process and under aerobic conditions, incomplete conversion of glucose/xylose mixture was observed (20.4% residual xylose), with a maximum ethanol production of 30.3 g L^?1, ethanol yield of 0.4 g g^?1 and Q_pmax = 1.26 g L^?1 h^?1. CONCLUSIONS: The oxygen present in the glucose/xylose mixture promotes complete sugar consumption by P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 resulting in ethanol production. However, in co‐culture with S. cerevisiae ITV‐01 under aerobic conditions, incomplete fermentation occurs that could be caused by oxygen limitation and ethanol inhibition by P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124; nevertheless the volumetric ethanol productivity increases fivefold compared with separate culture. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

木糖制备过程研究

文章对生产木糖的主要原料、主要工艺及木糖功用进行了综述，并提出利用农产品废弃物制备木糖工业生产的展望。     

异戊酰基呋喃木糖的合成及其卷烟加香效应

以二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)为缩水剂,在4-二甲氨基吡啶(4-DMAP)催化下合成了化合物1,2-O-异丙叉基-3-O-异戊酰基-5-O-肉桂酰基-α-D-呋喃木糖,其结构经IR、1HNMR、13CNMR和HRMS验证。采用热裂解-GC-MS对该化合物的热裂解产物进行分离鉴定,并初步进行了卷烟加香实验。结果表明,温度对合成产物的热裂解产物种类和含量有较大影响,主要有呋喃衍生物、月桂烯、异戊酸等;合成产物的质量分数为0.02%～0.03%时与烟香谐调,可以改善卷烟香气质,增加香气量,降低刺激性,改善余味。     

Evaluation of the effects of operational parameters in the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with diluted sulfuric acid using analysis of variance

The pretreatment of lignocellulosic residues has been extensively studied as a method to disrupt the cellulose–hemicelluloses–lignin complex in biomass to access the sugars in their respective components. In this work, we carried out a study using sulfuric acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by varying the following operational parameters: solid loading (10–30% of bagasse relative to the volume of the sulfuric acid solution), sulfuric acid concentration (0.5–2.5% relative to the dry mass of bagasse), reaction time (5–25?min), and temperature (135–195°C). The obtained solids from each pretreatment condition were submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis under the same process conditions: 0.232?g of Celluclast 1.5?L and 0.052?g of Novozym 188 per g of pretreated sugarcane bagasse, 72?h of hydrolysis, and 200?rpm of agitation at 50°C. Using central composite rotational design configuration in the experiments and analysis of variance, the results indicate that the conditions that produced larger quantities of glucose by enzymatic hydrolysis (0.35?g glucose/g pulp) with minimum amounts of degradation products were as follows: 20% solids loading, 15?min of reaction time, 1.5% sulfuric acid, and a minimum temperature of reaction of 170°C.     

Fed‐batch cultures of phaffia rhodozyma in xylose‐containing media made from wood hydrolysates

Abstract

Eucalyptus wood samples were treated with 3% aqueous sulphuric acid to obtain xylose‐containing solutions. The liquors from treatments were neutralized, contacted with charcoal and supplemented with nutrients to obtain culture media suitable for proliferating the carotenoid‐producing yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma NRRL Y‐17268. Two fed‐batch strategies (with continuous or intermittent feeding) were assayed as operational procedures for improving the carotenoid production. Biomass concentration of 10.3 g cells/L and volumetric pigment concentration of 8.15 mg total carotenoids/L (with 7.19 mg astaxanthin/L) were reached with continuous feeding, whereas improved results (30.6 g cells/L and 33.5 mg total carotenoids/L with 30.5 mg astaxanthin/L) were obtained with intermittent feeding.     

木糖生产中废旧活性炭再生条件初步研究

木糖生产中水解液脱色的粉末活性炭,使用后脱色性能下降很快,不能重复利用,致使木糖生产成本高。为此,采用了先盐酸处理、后高温活化的方法,对废旧炭进行了处理,同时考察了盐酸浓度、活化温度、活化时间等因素的影响。结果表明:用质量分数8%的盐酸处理,900℃高温活化5 h,活性炭的脱色性能恢复至新炭的86%,能重新用于水解液脱色。