An investigation of normal and submerged condition on microstructural and tribological properties of friction stir processed AZ91-D magnesium alloy

A comparative study of micro-structural transformations and tribological properties of the friction stir processed AZ91-D magnesium (Mg) alloy in normal friction stir processing (NFSP) and submerged friction stir processing (SFSP) conditions was carried out. The optimum parameters used for processing were tool rotational speed of 1000?rpm/min, 50?mm/min of transverse speed and 6 numbers of passes. A significant reduction in grain size (28.7% and 13.1%) and increase in micro-hardness (14.55% and 8.92%) along depth and width of stir zone (SZ) of SFSPed specimen has been achieved as compared to NFSPed specimens. This change can be attributed to the dynamic recrystallisation and removal of excess frictional heat leading to inhibited post-grain growth in the processed alloy. Pin-on-disc sliding wear testing was conducted to compare the wear performance of NFSPed and SFSPed specimens. The SFSPed specimen has shown an improved wear resistance as compared to NFSPed specimens. The major prevailing wear mechanisms were abrasion, delamination, oxidation and mild plastic deformation.     

Effects of Al contents on microstructure and properties of hot-dip Zn-Al alloy coatings on hydrogen reduced hot-rolled steel without acid pickling

A new hot-dip galvanizing method was employed on hot-rolled low carbon steel. The effects of Al contents on microstructure, micro-hardness and corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy coatings were systematically investigated. Phase composition, microstructure and element distribution in Zn-Al alloy coatings were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), respectively. It is found that Al content (0. 6–6. 0 wt. %) in galvanizing zinc affects surface quality and adhesion between coatings and matrix in the newly developed method. In addition, with increasing Al content, micro-hardness significantly increased due to the increase in Zn-Al eutectoid phases. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) also revealed that increase in Al plays a noticeable role in improving the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy coatings.     

Optimization of the shear strengths of ultrasonically consolidated Ti/Al 3003 dual-material structures

The interfacial bonding between layers in ultrasonically consolidated structures is poor for some material combinations, resulting in relatively low bond strength. This makes resultant parts unsuitable for structural applications. This work discusses a study of the effects of post process heat treatment of ultrasonically consolidated commercially pure titanium and aluminum alloy 3003 dual-material systems. The lap shear strengths of as-consolidated specimens as well as heat treated ones were tested. The results show that there is significant improvement of the strengths of post processed specimens over the as-consolidated ones. The improvement is as a result of stress relieving of the strain hardened interface between the two materials and some interactions of the base materials across the interfacial boundaries at elevated temperatures, leading to stronger bonds. The study highlights the role of post process heat treatments for improving the mechanical properties of ultrasonically consolidated structures.     

Surface characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V by SiC abrasive-mixed EDM with magnetic stirring

Ti-6Al-4V is widely used in aerospace, biomedical applications and in many corrosive environments. However, titanium alloy has low hardness and poor wear resistance. This paper introduces a machining method of SiC abrasive-mixed electrical discharge machining (EDM) with magnetic stirring. Structural features and chemical composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Micro-hardness distribution on the cross section was measured with an FM800 micro-hardness tester. The influence of pulse width and pulse peak current on the formation of the surface hardening layer is analyzed. The results show that a continuous strengthened layer was formed during the SiC abrasive-mixed EDM process. The hardness of the formed layer was significantly improved because of the formation of TiC and TiSi₂ phases on the machined surface. With the increase of pulse width, the thickness of the strengthened layer increases and the quality becomes better.     

Identification of constitutive model for rubber elasticity from micro-indentation tests on natural rubber and validation by macroscopic tests

Micro-hardness testing is widely used to measure the materials local response and is very valuable to describe gradients of physical properties. For polymers, the most common use is to measure a scalar value (hardness or modulus), which gives access to useful qualitative information but can clearly not be used to identify local constitutive models, strongly needed to achieve the numerical simulation of heterogeneous massive parts. In this study, load/displacement curves obtained at a micro-scale are used to identify the parameters of an Edwards-Vilgis hyperelastic model. The protocol proposed is coupling FE simulations achieved with Abaqus and optimization procedures using the dedicated software Boss Quattro. In order to limit the microstructure and viscous effects, the material studied is an unfilled natural rubber which exhibits a behavior very close to perfect hyperelasticity. Several numerical parameters (indent geometry, friction, thickness, …) as well as experimental protocols were tested in order to check the protocol reliability. The identified parameters are used to simulate macroscopic tests (tensile, compression and pure shear tests). The agreement with experimental data is very good, which is rarely found in the literature and which validates several numerical assumptions.     

氧化钛含量对氧化铝基涂层磨损性能和机制的影响

研究了TiO2含量对大气等离子喷涂Al2O3基涂层的晶体结构组成相、显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能和磨损机制的影响.选用重量百分比为0,13%,40%这3种TiO2含量参量,即纯A12O3,AI2O3-13%(wt)TiO2和AI2O3-40%(wt)TiO2陶瓷涂层.采用XRD分析涂层的晶体结构组成相,Vickers显微硬度计评价显微硬度.采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机,通过AISI52100钢球和A12O3陶瓷球2种材料本质差异甚大的对摩副,在干摩擦条件下评价涂层的摩擦磨损性能,并通过扫描电镜观察涂层磨损机制.结果表明,Al2O3基涂层的显微硬度随TiO2含量增加而降低;A12O3基涂层皆显示出抗磨性能随TiO2含量增加而降低,而与对摩副材质无关.涂层中含有TiO2无益于提高Al2O3基涂层的摩擦磨损性能.     

ZL104合金表面化学镀镍磷合金层的研究

在ＺＬ１０４合金表面上进行Ｎｉ－Ｐ与Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ化学镀,以提高ＺＬ１０４合金材料的耐蚀性与耐磨性。结果表明：化学镀可以显著提高ＺＬ１０４合金表面的硬度,并改善其在５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的耐蚀性;在２００～５２０℃温度下热处理后,镀层的硬度显著提高,但耐蚀性略有降低,这可能与镀层中的析出物Ｎｉ３Ｐ析出有关。     

TC4的激光焊接工艺研究

以TC4为基体,研究工艺参数对激光焊接区域显微组织的影响,测试焊接区域和基体的显微硬度,获得了热影响区窄,焊缝组织细小致密,显微硬度明显高于基体且内部无气孔、裂纹等缺陷的焊接试样.     

快速凝固法制备Mg-Al-Ca合金薄带

通过单辊快淬法制备了Mg-8.2Al-4.7Ca合金薄带,采用XRF、XRD、金相显微分析、显微硬度测量等分析方法研究了其凝固组织及相结构,以及转速对镁合金条带厚度和显微硬度的影响。研究结果表明,急冷快速凝固条件下,合金形成非晶相 细小hcp-Mg(Al,Ca)相;镁合金薄带显微组织沿厚度方向分为近辊面细晶区、内部柱状晶和自由面粗晶区;随着辊速的提高,晶粒不断细化,薄带的硬度不断提高。晶粒细化是显微硬度提高的主要原因。     

Diamond-like carbon thin films produced by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition of fullerite

Diamond-like carbon films have been deposited from a fullerite target by ultra-short pulsed laser deposition technique. The results indicate that the films morphology and structure, determined by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, depend strongly on the substrate temperature. X-ray photoelectron, X-ray Auger electron, Raman and surface enhanced Raman scattering spectra indicate that the fs-DLC films composition involves a mixed sp, sp² and sp³ carbon network consisting of aromatic rings and sp³ diamond-like structures linked by chains of different lengths and composition. The films deposited at room temperature, presenting the higher content of sp³ carbon (48%), also contain C₆₀ crystalline phase and show a very high hardness of 49 GPa.