Microstructure and some properties of powder-pack borided Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy with special attention to the microstructure at the interface TiB/substrate

The borided layer was prepared on the surface of the Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy by powder-pack boriding at 1000°C-10h. SEM, EPMA and TEM were used to investigate the effects of alloying elements (Al, V, Mo and Cr) on the growth of TiB whiskers in the borided Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy. Wear properties of borided Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy were investigated using dry reciprocating friction tests. SEM results show that the thickness of boride layer in Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy is thinner than that in the Cp-Ti. This is attributed to the enrichment of alloying elements especially V in TiB/substrate by TEM, which hinders the diffusion of B atoms, thus resulting in the short and thick TiB whiskers in Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy. Borided Ti–5Mo–5V–8Cr–3Al alloy has the better wear resistance than as-received alloy.     

Ti-6Al-4V基体激光植入ZrO2颗粒工艺过程数值分析

为了提高Ti-6Al-4V合金零部件的表面强度及耐热性能，在利用激光熔化后的Ti-6Al-4V材料表面上植入ZrO2陶瓷颗粒。本文基于CFD计算方法建立了三维瞬态激光植入工艺过程数值分析模型并对部分实验结果进行了验证。该模型根据等效热效应对移动激光热源进行计算，利用VOF方法追踪流体的自由表面。考虑浮力、惯性力、粘性阻力对颗粒运动的影响分析了颗粒在熔池内的运动过程，对比分析了是否添加颗粒两种工况下熔池内的温度场与流场分布。结果表明颗粒的进入使得熔池内温度场与流场重新分布，流体的流动和熔池的凝固使颗粒分布于不同位置。通过对100μm深度上熔池不同位置处的颗粒数进行统计发现，随着激光扫描速率的增加，颗粒在基板上表面的分布更加密集。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金多道次热轧过程有限元模拟与实验

采用热力耦合方法对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行了多道次热轧模拟,研究了不同道次温度和等效塑性应变的分布特点。模拟结果表明,轧制过程表面温度低于心部的温度,随轧制道次的增加,表面温度整体表现为降低过程,中心温度整体表现为先升高后降低过程。中心位置比表面位置的等效塑性应变大,表面位置与中心位置的等效塑性应变均随变形道次的增加而增大。结果表明,随着轧制道次的增加,中心显微组织变形大于表面。中心区域组织易于发生动态球化。     

SPS制备Ti-18Mo-xSi合金的高温氧化行为研究

采用高能球磨-放电等离子烧结技术制备了Ti-18Mo、Ti-18Mo-0.5Si、Ti-18Mo-1Si和Ti-18Mo-2Si4种合金,研究了Si含量对合金微观结构、相组成的影响及700和800℃空气中合金的氧化行为。结果表明:烧结合金中主要由Ti(Mo)固溶体组成,添加Si元素合金出现了Mo_5Si_3相。在700和800℃空气中分别氧化100 h后,合金表面主要有TiO_2、Ti O、MoO_2和MoO_3相,添加Si元素的合金氧化后还出现了SiO_2相。4种合金在700℃下的氧化增重明显小于800℃下的氧化增重,Ti-18Mo-0.5Si合金在700和800℃下平均氧化速率分别为0.09和0.10 g·(m~2·h)~(-1),其抗氧化性明显优于其他合金。     

Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr合金热变形行为及本构关系研究

采用Gleeble-1500热力模拟机对铸态Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr合金进行高温变形热压缩试验,变形温度范围为1050~1200℃,应变速率范围为0.001~0.1s^-1,压缩变形量为60%。研究该合金高温变形温度和应变速率与流变应力之间的关系,计算了合金激活能,并建立了Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr合金的Arrhenius本构模型和多元线性回归的本构模型。结果表明,该合金的激活能随温度升高和应变速率增大而增大;Arrhenius本构模型的相关系数为0.98228,平均相对误差为9.97%,相对误差在10%以内的点只占62.0%;而采用多元线性回归本构模型的相关系数为0.99566,平均相对误差为4.76%,相对误差在10%以内的点占92.6%,本构精度较高。     

Ti-62A合金热变形过程中的流变应力特性及组织演变

通过 Gleeble-3800 热模拟试验机的热压缩实验，研究了 Ti-62A 合金在 800、850、900 和 950℃，应变速率为 0.001、0.01、0.1 和 1s-1 下的热变形行为和动态再结晶（DRX）规律。结果表明：Ti-62A 合金的流变应力受应变速率和变形温度的影响显著；流变应力随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低；在 900~950℃、应变速率 0.01~1s-1 条件下，Ti-62A 合金的热变形应力-应变曲线属于动态回复型；该合金的热变形机制主要由位错运动控制，其动态软化机制包括晶界滑动和位错对消、攀移机制；Ti-62A 合金在热变形过程中，动态再结晶更有可能发生在较高的温度和较低的应变速率下，即 950℃ 和 0.001s-1；基于经典位错密度理论和 DRX 动力学理论，建立了加工硬化—动态回复和 DRX 软化效应的两阶段本构模型。DEFORM-3D 软件的仿真模拟结果证实，基于 DRX 软化效应的本构模型对 Ti-62A 合金在动态再结晶阶段的热变形行为的预测具有较高的准确性，能够为实际生产工艺的制定提供技术参考。     

等离子冷床炉单次熔炼制备Ti-2Al-1.5Mn合金

主要介绍了等离子冷床炉单次熔炼制备Ti-2Al-1.5Mn钛合金铸锭在化学成分、组织、内部品质等方面的情况。结果表明,首次使用PAM炉单次熔炼法制备出航空领域工业级厚330mm、宽750mm、长1 000~2 500mm的钛合金扁锭,其化学成分可控且均匀性较好,纵横向组织均匀细小。此外,获得PAM炉单次熔炼法制备的钛合金扁锭全截面低倍组织图谱特征。铸锭经加工变形后获得的板材产品理化性能满足技术要求。     

Precipitation location of secondary phase and microstructural evolution during static recrystallization of as-cast Ti-25V-15Cr-0.3Si titanium alloy

The microstructural evolution and precipitation location of the secondary phase of an as-cast Ti-25V-15Cr-0.3Si titanium alloy were investigated via isothermal compression experiments and heat treatment. The average aspect (length-to-width) ratio, average area and size of the grains at different heat treatment temperatures and holding time were analyzed and the effects of deformation and annealing time on the grain area and size were considered. It was found that the grain size was strongly influenced by the height reduction and holding time. Grain growth was significant when annealing time increased from 10 min to 2 h at 950 °C and height reduction of 30%; however, grain growth was minimal at annealing time between 2 and 4 h. Many dispersion particles were observed to form in continuous chains; the precipitation location was confirmed to be along initial grain boundaries, and the dispersion particles were identified to be Ti₅Si₃ phase by TEM.     

Orientation Dependence of the Micro-Pillar Compression Strength in an Electron Beam Melted Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

An α/β two-phase Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy was fabricated by electron beam melting to obtain a basketweave structure.The orientation dependence of the mechanical properties of Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy was studied by micro-pillar compression and post-mortem transmission electron microscopy analysis.The results indicate that different grains have different mechanical responses,and the possible attributions were discussed.Besides the orientation effect,due to the limited volumes of micropillars,the size of the a phases,dispersion of the β phases,and the presence of the free dislocation path also affect the mechanical properties of the micropillars to a large extent.Although no direct link was discovered between the mechanical properties and the parent βorientations,this work provided a promising method to further study the anisotropic mechanical behavior in Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy.     

Effects of Rapid Cooling Rate on Microstructure Formation and Microhardness of Binary Ti-44Al Alloy

快速冷却速率对Ti-44Al合金组织和显微硬度的影响

陈晓宇^1,2,方虹泽¹,王琪¹,陈瑞润¹,丁宏升¹,苏彦庆¹,郭景杰¹

（1. 哈尔滨工业大学 材料科学与工程学院,哈尔滨 150001;

2. 青岛大学 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266071）

中文说明：

为细化TiAl合金的显微组织与晶粒,提高其力学性能,采用甩带快速凝固方法在不同冷却速率条件下制备了Ti-44Al（at.%）合金,研究了铸态与快速凝固合金的显微组织和显微硬度。XRD测试结果表明,合金中α2相含量随着冷却速率增加而增加,这是由于高的凝冷却率导致α相直接转变为α2相。随着冷却速率的增加,晶粒形态首先由树枝晶转变为等轴晶和树枝晶混合的组织,而后转变为等轴晶。经快速凝固制备后,合金晶粒尺寸由铸态的200-600 μm降低到快速凝固的18 μm。片层厚度由铸态的4.5 μm降低到快速凝固的1.1 μm。随着冷却速率的增加,α2相含量逐渐增加,γ相含量逐渐减少,并且快速凝固可以降低基体中元素偏析。快速凝固的合金晶粒细化,片层厚度降低,并且α2相含量增加,这导致显微硬度由铸态的247 HV提高到快速凝固的556 HV。

关键词：Ti-44Al合金,显微组织,显微硬度,甩带快速凝固,凝固路径