Phase formation and modification of corrosion property of nitrogen implanted Ti-Al-V alloy

In the present investigation, polished samples were implanted with nitrogen ion at an energy of 60 keV and implantation doses were 1×10¹⁶, 5×10¹⁶, 1×10¹⁷ and 6×10¹⁷ ions/cm². Glancing incidence X-ray diffraction was employed on the implanted specimens to understand the phases formed with increasing dose. The valence states of nitrogen, titanium and carbon on the sample surfaces were analyzed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was examined by the electrochemical methods in a solution with pH=10 at room temperature in order to determine the optimum dose that can give good corrosion resistance in a simulated nuclear reactor condition. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the topographies of nitrogen-implanted Ti-Al-Zr after potentiodynamic measurement. It was found that implanted nitrogen dissolved in titanium matrix with increasing dose and the resultant nitrides such as TiN and Ti₂N precipitated. Implantation of nitrogen ions into the surface of Ti-Al-V alloy improves its corrosion resistance, and the increase of the corrosion resistance depends on the nitrogen dose employed; the maximum improvement of the corrosion resistance was observed at a dose of 1×10¹⁷ N⁺/cm².     

Ti-Al-V-O纳米管阵列的制备与热稳定性研究

在醇基介质中采用阳极氧化方法成功在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备出大面积的α和β相均为纳米管结构阵列。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDXA)对纳米管阵列的表面形貌、微结构和热稳定性进行了表征。实验结果表明:在醇基溶液中采用阳极氧化方法制备大面积纳米管阵列时,外加电压的增加有利于合金表面多孔纳米结构的形成。在外加电压为30V时,Ti6Al4V合金表面的双相区均获得较为均匀的纳米管阵列。Ti-Al-V-O纳米管阵列管长约900nm、管径约90nm、壁厚约7.4nm。EDXA结果表明:在阳极氧化后,表面Al和V含量降低。Ti-Al-V-O纳米管阵列在550℃下晶化后,其表面形貌可保持规则的纳米阵列结构,而在更高温度下热处理可导致纳米管阵列局部坍塌并发生表面烧结致密化现象。     

Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing Conditions and Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy from Atomized Powder

The effects of temperature and pressure on density, microstructure and mechanical properties of powder compacts during hot isostatic pressing（HIPping） were investigated. Optimized HIPping parameters of temperature range from 900 to 940℃, pressure over 100 MPa and holding time of 3 h, were obtained. Tensile properties after different heat treatments show that both the geometry of samples and cooling rate have a significant influence on mechanical properties. Finite element method was used to predict the temperature field distribution during HIPped sample cooling, and the experimental results are in agreement with simulation prediction. The interaction of HIPping parameters was analyzed based on the response surface methodology（RSM） in this study.     

时效对新型Ti-Al-V中熵合金组织性能的影响

采用真空悬浮熔炼法制备出新型Ti-Al-V中熵合金,使用全自动密度天平测定合金密度,并对其分别在500 ℃和700 ℃下时效处理2 h,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和维氏显微硬度计研究时效温度对其显微组织、物相组成及力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ti-Al-V中熵合金是一种轻质(密度4.18 g/cm³)、高硬度(铸态505 HV)新型合金;铸态和时效后的合金中均存在BCC结构的基体和HCP结构的富Ti板条状/粒状/针状析出相两种相结构;时效处理的合金中析出相数量相比铸态明显增加,并且时效温度提高,粒状/针状形貌的析出相数量进一步增加;铸态时合金的硬度较高,但力学性能均匀性差,随着时效温度的升高,合金硬度逐渐降低,但力学性能相对更均匀。     

Causes of surface stripe cracks of Ti–4Al–2V alloy cold-rolled sheet

The stripe cracks which formed along rolling direction on the surface of Ti–4Al–2V alloy cold-rolled sheet were observed by stereoscope, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, and energy-dispersive spectrometer（EDS）. Morphology analysis indicates that cracks are dominantly in zigzag shape, with 10–30 mm in length and less than 10 lm in depth, and there is no evidence of crack tips. Chemical composition analysis shows that crack regions feather high oxygen concentration while smooth surface is at normal oxygen level. It is obvious that the occurrence of strip cracks is mainly related to residual oxide on the surface of Ti–4Al–2V alloy cold-rolled sheet.     

Ti-Al-V三元系相图1 100℃等温截面的测定

以往的Ti—Al—V三元系1100℃等温截面的平衡数据一直很少，且研究重点多处于富Ti区，对于富铝区的研究更少。因此针对缺乏完善的1100℃等温截面平衡数据的实际，实验配制了6个Ti-Al—V合金试样，使用真空电弧炉熔炼后，将样品封人石英管内在1100℃退火240h，水淬后使用XRD测试合金的物相，并在SEM—EDX下观测其显微组织以及精确测定各成分含量；确定了α2＋β、γ＋β、ε＋ξ＋β、α2＋γ和α2＋γ＋β等5个相区的位置，实验证明在1100℃附近存在ξ＋γ=ε＋β四相平衡，并在文献数据基础上构筑了较为完善的等温截面。     

单位质量反应热对铝热法直接制备Ti-Al-V合金的影响

分别对Al-TiO_2体系、Al-V_2O_5体系、Al-V_2O_5-TiO_2体系以及Al-V_2O_5-TiO_2-CaO体系单位质量反应热(q,J/g)进行了计算.考察了单位质量反应热对实验结果的影响.利用XRD物相分析仪、SEM扫描电镜以及ICP对合金进行了系统的分析.结果表明:Al-V_2O_5-TiO_2-CaO体系的单位质量反应热小于2 700 J/g,发热量不足,反应不能靠自热进行,需要对体系进行补充热量才能保证自蔓延反应顺利进行;CaO的加入会降低体系的单位质量反应热.合金的主要物相为Ti、Al金属间化合物、Al_2O_3及硅铁化合物.合金微观组织结构为基体相、板条状β相以及不规则的Al_2O_3夹杂相,单位质量反应热对合金中含硅相的尺寸及分布有较大影响.随着单位质量反应热的增加,合金中Ti的含量呈下降趋势,合金中的铝呈上升趋势,V、Fe、Si元素含量(质量分数/%)随单位质量反应热的增加基本保持不变.制备合金中Al的质量分数最低为9.35%,Fe最低为2.17%,Si最低为0.78%,V最高含量为4.30%.     

Ti-Al-V合金电子束冷床熔炼过程中Al元素的挥发损失研究

本文采用电子束冷床熔炼Ti-Al-V合金扁锭,对扁锭化学成分和熔炼工艺进行对比分析,结果表明,熔炼速度显著影响铸锭长度方向成分的稳定性,铸锭长度方向Al含量随熔炼速度的增加而升高,反之亦然；电子束冷床熔炼铸锭横向截面成分较均匀,未出现Al元素的偏析现象。通过对电子束冷床熔炼三个阶段熔体流动特征分析表明,冷床和结晶器内熔体界面层的质量传递不在服从Machlin模型,提出了原料熔化、冷床熔炼、结晶器凝固三个阶段Al元素挥发通量的计算方法,理论计算结果与试验结果基本吻合。     

Improvement of tribological behavior of a Ti-Al-V alloy by nitrogen ion implantation

The tribological properties especially wear and hardness of a Ti-Al-V alloy with nitrogen implantation (energy 60 keV) were investigated. The implantation was carried out at fluences range from 1×1016 to 4×1017 ions/cm2. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed to obtain surface characterization of the implanted sample. The unimplanted and implanted samples were also annealed at 600 ℃ in order to understand the influence of annealing on the tribological properties of Ti-Al-V. The hardness shows significant improvement at the higher fluence. After annealing at 600 ℃, the friction coefficient exhibits a relative decrease for the nitrogen-implanted samples. In addition, the wear rates of the implanted samples exhibits a great decrease after annealing at 600 ℃. Nature of the surface and reason for the variation and improvement in wear resistance were discussed in detail.