首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   611篇
  免费   26篇
  国内免费   26篇
电工技术   3篇
综合类   34篇
化学工业   7篇
金属工艺   5篇
机械仪表   112篇
建筑科学   19篇
矿业工程   2篇
能源动力   6篇
轻工业   4篇
石油天然气   16篇
武器工业   1篇
无线电   12篇
一般工业技术   40篇
冶金工业   7篇
原子能技术   2篇
自动化技术   393篇
  2023年   2篇
  2022年   5篇
  2021年   10篇
  2020年   7篇
  2019年   11篇
  2018年   6篇
  2017年   15篇
  2016年   24篇
  2015年   19篇
  2014年   23篇
  2013年   42篇
  2012年   63篇
  2011年   48篇
  2010年   21篇
  2009年   33篇
  2008年   44篇
  2007年   55篇
  2006年   59篇
  2005年   37篇
  2004年   21篇
  2003年   24篇
  2002年   15篇
  2001年   7篇
  2000年   5篇
  1999年   9篇
  1998年   6篇
  1997年   7篇
  1996年   2篇
  1995年   4篇
  1994年   1篇
  1993年   2篇
  1991年   1篇
  1990年   1篇
  1989年   1篇
  1987年   3篇
  1986年   1篇
  1985年   3篇
  1984年   5篇
  1983年   2篇
  1982年   2篇
  1981年   1篇
  1980年   1篇
  1979年   3篇
  1978年   1篇
  1976年   4篇
  1975年   2篇
  1972年   2篇
  1971年   1篇
  1965年   1篇
  1955年   1篇
排序方式: 共有663条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Against the background of smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0, how to achieve real-time scheduling has become a problem to be solved. In this regard, automatic design for shop scheduling based on hyper-heuristics has been widely studied, and a number of reviews and scheduling algorithms have been presented. Few studies, however, have specifically discussed the technical points involved in algorithm development. This study, therefore, constructs a general framework for automatic design for shop scheduling strategies based on hyper-heuristics, and various state-of-the-art technical points in the development process are summarized. First, we summarize the existing types of shop scheduling strategies and classify them using a new classification method. Second, we summarize an automatic design algorithm for shop scheduling. Then, we investigate surrogate-assisted methods that are popular in the current algorithm field. Finally, current problems and challenges are discussed, and potential directions for future research are proposed.  相似文献   
2.
Job rotation is defined as workers rotating between tasks with different exposure levels and occupational demands. The aim of the present study was to analyze the risk factors for the development of upper-limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UL-WMSDs) in poultry slaughterhouse workers as well as compare the score of the OCRA Checklist in different organizational working conditions. In this cross-sectional study, 118 workers were involved, 68 women (32.3 ± 10.7 years) and 50 men (29.5 ± 10.5 years). Three organizational configurations (“without job rotation”, “with job rotation – tasks >1h” and “with job rotation - tasks <1h”) were evaluated using the OCRA Checklist method, totaling 36 tasks and 28 job rotation schemes composed of 2–3 tasks. The OCRA score of the right upper limbs (17.8 ± 3.2) was significantly higher (p = 0.046) relative to the left upper limbs (16.4 ± 3.6). The median score was significantly lower in the “with job rotation - tasks <1h” condition (18.6) when compared to the “job rotation – tasks >1h” (19.4) (p < 0.001) and the “without job rotation” (19.0) (p = 0.038) conditions. However, there was no significant difference between the condition “with job rotation - tasks >1h” and “without job rotation” (p = 0.155). Thus, job rotations with intervals <1h reduced the risk of developing UL-WMSDs. Job rotations with <1 h intervals in poultry slaughterhouses are recommended along with further studies to verify the effectiveness of rotations with more than two tasks, involving mild or non-repetitive tasks.  相似文献   
3.
Substantial research has been dedicated to describing remote work, yet the understanding of working from home since the Covid-19 pandemic remains rather limited. While recognising the necessity for exploring employees' perceptions and interaction with technology as the ultimate requirement for a functional work-from-home, this study observes the factors that would determine job performance. Thus, adhering to the Job Demands-Resources theory, we argue that employees' ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) anxiety and smartphone addiction can inhibit their work progress by provoking interruptions in the course and reducing the efficacy, further affecting performance. PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modelling) was employed to analyse the data collected by 363 employees working from home due to Covid-19 restrictive measures. The results reveal that employees’ reluctance and apprehensiveness related to the use of ICT and their dependency on smartphone usage act as distractions that impact the efficient achievement of work goals. The ensued findings valuably contribute to the relevant body of knowledge, while the implications offer helpful strategies for improving work-from-home. Finally, companies must simplify the transition to the home office, providing employees with job management and tools to ensure uninterrupted and productive working processes.  相似文献   
4.
The dangers of the construction industry due to the risk of fatal hazards, such as falling from extreme heights, being struck by heavy equipment or materials, and the possibility of electrocution, are well known. The concept of Job Hazard Analysis is commonly used to mitigate and control these occupational hazards. This technique analyzes the major tasks in a construction activity, identifies all potential task-related hazards, and suggests safe approaches to reduce or avoid each of these hazards. In this paper, the authors explore the possibility of leveraging existing construction safety resources to assist JHA, aiming to reduce the level of human effort required. Specifically, the authors apply ontology-based text classification (TC) to match safe approaches identified in existing resources with unsafe scenarios. These safe approaches can serve as initial references and enrich the solution space when performing JHA. Various document modification strategies are applied to existing resources in order to achieve superior TC effectiveness. The end result of this research is a construction safety domain ontology and its underlying knowledge base. A user scenario is also discussed to demonstrate how the ontology supports JHA in practice.  相似文献   
5.
This paper concerns with the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) considering the transportation times of the jobs from one machine to another. The goal of a basic JSSP is to determine starting and ending times for each job in which the objective function can be optimized. In here, several Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have been employed to transfer the jobs between machines and warehouse located at the production environment. Unlike the advantages of implemented automatic transportation system, if they are not controlled along the routes, it is possible that the production system encounters breakdown. Therefore, the Conflict-Free Routing Problem (CFRP) for AGVs is considered as well as the basic JSSP. Hence, we proposed a mathematical model which is composed of JSSP and CFRP, simultaneously and since the problem under study is NP-hard, a two stage Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) is also proposed. The objective function is to minimize the total completion time (make-span). Eventually, in order to show the model and algorithm’s efficiency, the computational results of 13 test problems and sensitivity analysis are exhibited. The obtained results show that ACA is an efficient meta-heuristic for this problem, especially for the large-sized problems. In addition, the optimal number of both AGVs and rail-ways in the production environment is determined by economic analysis.  相似文献   
6.
Abstract

The energy-aware scheduling problem is a multi-objective optimization problem where the main goal is to achieve energy savings without affecting productivity in a manufacturing system. In this work, we present an approach for energy-aware flow shop scheduling problem and energy-aware job shop scheduling problem considering the process speed as the main energy-related decision variable. This approach allows one to set the appropriate process speed for every considered operation in the corresponding machine. When the speed is high, the processing time is short but the energy demand increases, and vice versa. Therefore, two objectives are worked together: a production objective, paired with an energy efficiency objective. A generic elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm was implemented to solve both problems. Results from a simple comparative design of experiments and a nonparametric test show that it is possible to smooth the energy demand profile and obtain reductions that average 19.8% in energy consumption. This helps to reduce peak loads and drops on applied energy sources demand, stabilizing the conversion units operational efficiency across the entire operational time with a minimum effect on the production maximum completion time (makespan).  相似文献   
7.
塔中顺南区块存在油气活跃、后效严重、压力窗口窄、井深、井底温度高、地层承压能力低等固井技术难点。为了解决顺南区块固井作业存在的问题,开展了精细动态控压固井技术现场实践,顺利完成了该区固井作业。该技术通过有效控制井口、井底压力,防止井漏、溢流的发生,在保证施工安全的同时提高了固井质量。目前已在顺南6井、顺南7井成功应用,效果显著。该技术对压力敏感性地层固井有推广应用前景。   相似文献   
8.
Abstract

This research investigates whether access to jobs affects poor households’ residential location choices using data from individual households in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Our results, based on discrete choice models, show that the effects of job accessibility on household location choices are contingent upon households’ automobile ownership and employment status. Places with higher job accessibility by public transit mode are more likely to attract poor households that do not own cars but have at least one employed worker or one labour force participant, while job accessibility by automobile travel mode has no positive effect on the location choices of poor households who own automobiles. The results stress the importance of job accessibility for those poor households with limited transportation mobility but strong needs for access to jobs.  相似文献   
9.
《Ergonomics》2012,55(4):793-805
Musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major problem in the wood and furniture industry and identification of risk factors is needed urgently. Therefore, exposures to different work tasks and variation in the job were recorded based on an observation survey in combination with an interview among 281 employees working in wood working and painting departments. A questionnaire survey confirmed high frequencies of symptoms from the musculoskeletal system: The one-year prevalence of symptoms from the low back was 42% and symptoms from the neck/shoulder was 40%. The exposure was evaluated based on: (1) classification of work tasks, (2) work cycle time, (3) manual materials handling, (4) working postures, and (5) variation in die job. Among the employees 47% performed feeding or clearing of machines, 35% performed wood working or painting materials, and 18% performed various other operations. Among the employees 20% had no variation in their job while 44% had little variation. Manual materials handling of 375 different burdens was observed, which most often occurred during feeding or clearing of machines. The weight of burdens lifted was 0·5-87·0 kg, where 2% had a weight of more than 50 kg. Among the lifting conditions 30% were evaluated as implying a risk of injury. An additional risk factor was the high total tonnage lifted per day, which was estimated to range from 132 kg to 58 800 kg. Working postures implied a risk of injury due to prolonged forward and lateral flexions of the neck, which was seen most frequently during wood working or painting materials. These data substantiate the finding that work tasks mainly during feeding or clearing of machines imply a risk of injury to the low back and a risk of injury to the neck and shoulder area mainly during wood working or painting materials. Optimal strategies for job redesign may be worked out by using these data in order to prevent occupational musculoskeletal disorders.  相似文献   
10.
针对带有零件deadline时间约束的一类作业车间提前/拖期调度问题,设计了一种改进型遗传算法(EGA)。EGA算法采用拖期优先的调度策略,将原有的非正规性能指标的E/T调度问题转化为拖期子问题、修复子问题和提前子问题,以此来降低E/T调度问题的求解复杂度。采用基于工序的编码方法,在染色体解码过程中,分别采用了主动解码、染色体修复和逆向重调度三阶段的解码操作,以期实现在满足零件deadline约束的前提下尽可能降低提前/拖期惩罚总成本。180个调度测试用例仿真结果表明,EGA算法在解决问题数、寻优能力、调度结果的均衡性等方面具有一定的优势。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号