Groundwater discharge drives water quality and greenhouse gas emissions in a tidal wetland

Wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle as they can be sources or sinks for greenhouse gases. Groundwater discharge into wetlands can affect the water chemistry and act as a source of dissolved greenhouse gases, including CO₂ and CH₄. In this study, surface water quality parameters and CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations were evaluated in a tidal wetland (Hunter Wetlands National Park, Australia) using time series measurements. Radon (²²²Rn), a natural groundwater tracer, was used to investigate the role of groundwater as a pathway for transporting dissolved CO₂ and CH₄ into the wetland. In addition, water-to-air CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes from the wetland were also estimated. The results showed a high concentration of radon in wetland surface water, indicating the occurrence of groundwater discharge. Radon concentration had a strong negative relationship with water depth with a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.7, indicating that tidal pumping was the main driver of groundwater discharge to the wetland. Radon concentration also showed a positive relationship with CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations (R² = 0.4 and 0.5, respectively), while the time series data revealed that radon, CO₂, and CH₄ concentrations peaked concurrently during low tides. This implied that groundwater discharge was a source of CO₂ and CH₄ to the wetland. The wetland had an average water-to-air CO₂ flux of 99.1 mmol/(m²·d), twice higher than the global average CO₂ flux from wetlands. The average CH₄ flux from the wetland was estimated to be 0.3 mmol/(m²·d), which is at the higher end of the global CH₄ flux range for wetlands. The results showed that groundwater discharge could be an important, yet unaccounted source of CO₂ and CH₄ to tidal wetlands. This work has implications for tidal wetland carbon budgets and emphasizes the role of groundwater as a subsurface pathway for carbon transport.     

Large-scale radon hazard evaluation in the Oslofjord region of Norway utilizing indoor radon concentrations, airborne gamma ray spectrometry and geological mapping

We test whether airborne gamma ray spectrometer measurements can be used to estimate levels of radon hazard in the Oslofjord region of Norway. We compile 43,000 line kilometres of gamma ray spectrometer data from 8 airborne surveys covering 10,000 km² and compare them with 6326 indoor radon measurements. We find a clear spatial correlation between areas with elevated concentrations of uranium daughters in the near surface of the ground and regions with high incidence of elevated radon concentrations in dwellings. This correlation permits cautious use of the airborne data in radon hazard evaluation where direct measurements of indoor radon concentrations are few or absent. In radon hazard evaluation there is a natural synergy between the mapping of radon in indoor air, bedrock and drift geology mapping and airborne gamma ray surveying. We produce radon hazard forecast maps for the Oslofjord region based on a spatial union of hazard indicators from all four of these data sources. Indication of elevated radon hazard in any one of the data sets leads to the classification of a region as having an elevated radon hazard potential. This approach is inclusive in nature and we find that the majority of actual radon hazards lie in the assumed elevated risk regions.     

基于ERS2S测氡仪的氡析出率准确测量研究

氡析出率的测定是废石堆、尾矿堆监测治理中的重要指标,德国ERS2S氡钍射气析出率测量仪提供了线性拟合和指数拟合两种数据处理方式,在实际工作中往往出现难以确定选择使用何种数据处理方式能得到较为准确的氡析出率。针对该问题本文从线性拟合和指数拟合两种计算方法的理论模型入手,分析两种拟合方法的适用范围。研究表明线性拟合适合短时间测量,随着测量时间的增加,线性拟合计算的氡析出率误差将会不断增大。指数拟合需要测量数据较多,短时间测量时容易产生较大误差,长时间测量拟合度较好。研究成果有利于使用ERS2S测氡仪准确测量氡析出率,同时也为氡析出率的新测量方法的研究提供了理论、实践基础。     

Evaluating the protective effects of radon inhalation or ascorbic acid treatment after transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils

In this study, we compared the protective effects of radon inhalation and ascorbic acid administration on transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils. Gerbils were treated with radon inhalation (2000 Bq/m³, 24 hours) or ascorbic acid (100, 300, or 500 mg/kg body weight). Then, transient global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. Results showed that the number of damaged neurons was significantly increased in gerbils that underwent ischemia compared with that in control gerbils. However, the number of damaged neurons in gerbils treated with radon or 500 mg/kg of ascorbic acid before ischemia was significantly lower than gerbils who were subjected to ischemia without any pretreatment, and the protective effects of radon inhalation were similar to the effects of administering 500 mg/kg ascorbic acid. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (t-GSH) in brain tissue were increased to a similar extent by pretreatment with radon inhalation or 500 mg/kg of ascorbic acid. These findings suggested that radon inhalation has a protective antioxidative effect against transient global cerebral ischemic injury similar to 500 mg/kg ascorbic acid treatment.     

Increase of the Density of the Silver Image during Storage after Processing

The light-sensitive layer consists of iron (III) acctylacetonate which is embedded into the polymer Saran. Image dots of 10 μm size are generated by the irradiation with a focused laser beam. They are sharp edged and black and appear on a bright, transparent background. The required exposure per dot amounts to approximately 250 mJ/cm². A specimen of type was recorded at a rate of 1000 lines/min, without any after-treatment being necessary.     

自适应开环测量氡析出率的方法研究

利用开环方式测量氡析出率,不需要考虑泄漏和反扩散的影响,计算简单.但是开环方式测量氡析出率测量中有一个很重要的参数是泵的流率,对于高析出率介质,采用较高的流率,可以减小集氡罩内氡浓度达到恒定的时间,提高测量效率;对于低析出率介质,采用较高的流率,会导致集氡罩内的氡浓度值偏低,统计涨落较大,甚至会使得集氡罩内的氡浓度值难...     

氡对大鼠BALF细胞基因甲基化和血清肿瘤标志物的影响

研究不同剂量氡暴露对大鼠基因甲基化和血清肿瘤标志物影响,探讨其在氡致肺癌早期诊断中的价值和意义.以HD-3型多功能生态氡室模拟不同浓度氡及其子体水平,30只染氡大鼠随机分为5组,即对照组、30工作水平月(WLM)组、60 WLM组、90 WLM组、120 WLM组,每组6只;用甲基化特异性PCR (MSP)方法,检测各...     

密闭腔体法准确测量建材氡析出率比较研究

密闭腔体法(closed chamber method)是目前建材氡析出率测量中使用较为广泛的一种方法。使用密闭腔体法测量建材氡析出率,在建材的前处理上,大体上将长方体建材分为完全裸露、包裹留下一面和留下两面三种方法进行测量。本文从建材氡析出率测量的基本理论模型出发,细致比较分析了不同包裹方法测量得到的氡析出率的真实涵义,并结合理论分析和实验验证,提出了合理的修正方法,认为包裹留一面和留两面适合作为建材氡析出率的测量方法。     

基于静电收集型固体核径迹氡探测器尺寸的蒙特卡罗方法优化

设计了一种新型的基于静电收集的固体核径迹探测器,并利用蒙特卡罗方法对其尺寸进行优化模拟,确定最优尺寸使装置达到效能最大化,结果表明转换系数作为优化对象随着探测器直径的增大而近似线性增加,当管子半径增大到2 cm后曲线逐渐变缓,而后在约等于3 cm处转换系数基本不再增加甚至有下降的趋势,由此可得出结论探测器半径取3 cm...