端电压比较法直接寻找无刷直流电动机换相点及其斩波调速

提供了一种利用端电压比较结合软件算法直接寻找直流无刷无位置传感器电动机换相点的方案，解决了直流无刷无位置传感器电动机控制的关键问题－转子位置检测，并以单片机PIC16C72为核心构成先进的数字控制系统，实现了软件斩波调速。     

A sensorless brushless dc motor system

This paper describes a brushless dc motor system without position or speed sensor. The brushless motor consists of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a voltage-source inverter capable of controlling the amplitude and frequency of voltage. The rectangular-shaped stator current with a conducting interval of 120° (electrical) is controlled to be in phase with the trapezoidal back electromotive force. This results in producing maximum torque. Variable speed is achieved by adjusting the average motor voltage similarly to chopper control of dc motors. In this paper, two sensorless position detecting methods, i.e., an “indirect method” suited for the lower-speed range and a “direct method” suited for the higher-speed range are proposed. The combination of the two makes it possible to detect the rotor position over a wide-speed range. Furthermore, a speed-sen-sorless PLL control is proposed in applying the principle of the direct method. Experimental results obtained from a prototype brushless dc motor are shown to confirm the validity of the sensorless drive. The starting procedure of the motor also is discussed because it is impossible to detect the rotor position at a standstill.     

Sensorless control of synchronous reluctance motors using on‐line parameter identification method not affected by position estimation accuracy

This paper presents a novel on‐line parameter identification method for sensorless control of Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRMs). Although conventional sensorless control methods based on mathematical models usually need some complex measurements of motor parameters in advance, the proposed identification method does not require them and can be realized on‐line. The proposed method identifies motor parameters under sensorless control, so rotor position and velocity cannot be used to identify these parameters. However, the proposed method does not need rotor position and velocity, and identified parameters are not affected by these estimation errors. The sensorless control using identified motor parameters is realized, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(3): 62–69, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20258     

一种基于无功功率的感应电动机复合转速辨识方法

针对基于无功功率的模型参考自适应转速辨识法在动态过程中存在的收敛慢问题,提出了一种基于无功功率的复合转速辨识方法,即将基于无功功率的直接计算法和MRAS转速辨识法相结合的方法。实验结果证明,该方法既具有直接计算法的快速跟随能力,又有MRAS转速辨识法的强抗干扰能力,且算法简单,所用电动机参数少,容易在工程中实现。     

基于协同观测器的永磁同步电机无传感控制

针对传统滑模观测器使用符号函数引起的抖振问题,提出了一种基于连续函数的协同观测器方法,实现永磁同步电机(PMSM)的无传感控制。首先,研究PMSM的离散数学模型。其次,建立k+1时刻的电流偏差和k时刻的电流偏差之间的函数关系。最后,利用反正切函数计算转子位置并加入角度补偿,提高观测精度。仿真结果表明,所设计的协同观测器不仅无抖振现象,还具有更高的估算精度及良好的抗干扰性能,比传统滑模观测器可以更好地实现PMSM的无传感控制。     

An Adaptive and Optimized Switching Observer for Sensorless Control of an Electromagnetic Valve Actuator in Camless Internal Combustion Engines

In this paper, the design and operation of a special electromagnetic actuator as a variable engine valve actuator are presented. Further, this paper describes a feasible approximated velocity switching estimator based on measurements of current and input voltage to achieve sensorless control. The proposed concept allows a reduced‐order observer to be conceived and yields a specific control strategy with an acceptable performance. In general, this approach represents a viable strategy to build reduced‐order observers for estimating the velocity of systems through the measurement of input current and voltage. The robustness of the velocity tracking is explored using a minimum variance approach. The effect of the noise is minimized, and the position can be achieved through an adaptive and optimized structure by combining this particular velocity estimator and an observer based on the electromechanical system. Position control is achieved through an inversion of the model. This approach avoids a more complex structure for the observer and yields an acceptable performance as well as eliminating bulky position‐sensor systems. In addition, a control strategy is presented and discussed. Computer simulations of the sensorless control structure are presented in which the positive effects of the observer with optimized parameter setting are visible in the closed‐loop control.     

无轴承异步电机转子磁场定向MRAS转速辨识

为了准确辨识无轴承异步电机的转速,提出一种改进转子磁链估算电压模型。以改进转子磁链估计模型为基础,构建了无轴承异步电机的转子磁场定向模型参考自适应(MRAS)无速度传感器矢量控制系统,并通过Matlab/Simulink进行了系统仿真分析。仿真结果表明:基于所提出的转子磁链改进模型,可有效避免纯积分环节初值和累计误差等影响,获得较高的转速辨识精度。所提出的转子磁链辨识模型和MRAS无速度传感器矢量控制系统是有效和可行的。     

基于无传感器的PMSM电流控制策略的研究

提出一种新型的滑模观测器,并分别研究在4种不同的电流控制策略下,基于该新型滑模观测器的PMSM伺服系统的控制问题。该新型滑模观测器引进了Sigmoid函数作为控制函数用来抑制抖振,并根据PMSM的反电动势模型构建了反电势观测器来提取所需的连续信号,因此取消了传统的一阶低通滤波器和相角补偿环节。为了对电机的转子位置和转速进行更加精确的估算,引入了转子位置锁相环结构。在Matlab/Simulink平台基础上建立了4种不同的电流控制策略,基于新型滑模观测器PMSM无位置传感器三闭环控制系统仿真模型,分别对反电动势估算、速度估算、位置估算和突加负载扰动进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,该新型滑模观测器在4种不同的电流控制策略下,对电机转子位置和转速的估算、电磁转矩以及定子三相电流有着不同的影响,验证了该新型滑模观测器算法的可行性。     

基于硬件滤波电路的无刷直流电机转子位置辨识

反电动势过零检测是无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制中转子位置检测的主要方法之一,为消除PWM因素的影响,需要对转子位置检测电路进行滤波处理。本文采用硬件滤波器对反电动势过零检测电路进行滤波,既要考虑深度滤波带来的相移问题又要兼顾消除噪声的影响,分析滤波器的幅频特性和相频特性,根据反电动势过零检测指标要求设计滤波器参数,并用于无刷直流电机转子位置辨识和无位置传感器控制中。仿真结果和实验结果表明,所采用的滤波器及其参数能较好地检测出转子位置,可以明显提高无位置传感器无刷直流电机驱动系统的控制性能。     

同步旋转坐标系下的BLDCM滑模观测器算法设计

为了实现无位置传感器无刷直流电机(BLDCM)矢量控制系统中电机转子位置的准确估计,提出了一种基于同步旋转坐标系的滑模观测器算法。该方法直接在同步旋转坐标系中设计滑模观测器,以获取电机反电动势信息,再通过锁相环技术从估计的反电动势中提取电机转子的速度和位置角度信息。针对滑模观测器的高频抖振问题,采用饱和函数代替滑模观测器的符号函数。最后,通过仿真将所提算法与传统滑模观测器算法对比,并对所提算法进行实验验证。仿真与实验结果表明该算法能够准确跟踪转子的速度和位置,验证了所提算法的正确性与可行性。