智利赛罗卢娜铁多金属矿区高精度磁测异常特征及找矿预测

测区位于智利海岸山带铁氧化物铜金成矿带、阿塔卡玛断裂系统上。该地区地表覆盖厚,残坡积沙土及碎石层发育。为了有效提高地质找矿成果,采用地面高精度磁测与地质联合检查异常的找矿方法,通过对磁异常特征的综合分析和钻探对异常进行验证,在磁异常区发现了磁铁矿,进一步圈定出找矿有利地段,取得了良好的找矿效果。     

激发极化法在智利贝多尔嘎拉尼帕铜金矿区勘查中的应用

智利贝多尔嘎拉尼帕铜金矿区地处智利斑岩型铜矿带的西侧,矿区地表矿体严格受到近南北向及北东向构造控制,同时与隐伏岩体(花岗闪长斑岩?)具有密切的空间关系。地表已经发现的众多小型矿床主要为浅成低温热液型铜矿类型,但是该区的外围又产出一些曼陀型铜矿(或IOCG型矿床)。从成矿地质条件综合分析,该区深部赋存曼陀型及斑岩型铜矿的可能性很大,尤其是曼陀型铜矿的勘查,是找矿突破的主要方向。矿体中黄铜矿、斑铜矿等铜的硫化物发育,对于激电测深有较好的适用条件,通过预查阶段应用,在该区找矿评价中取得了良好的效果。     

Preliminary evaluation of biogenic amines content in Chilean young varietal wines by HPLC

Biogenic amines are organic nitrogenous compounds produced in wines mainly during malolactic fermentation. Its presence is a health risk for sensitive individuals and it could negatively affect the wine quality. The objective of this work was to determine the biogenic amines content in Chilean young varietal wines. For that, a liquid chromatographic method with pre-column derivatization was optimized and validated to achieve a reliable quantification of the most important biogenic amines in wines, i.e. histamine, tyramine, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, cadaverine and phenylethylamine. Using a face-centered central composite design derivatization and chromatographic conditions were optimized. Derivatization with dansyl chloride showed an optimum yield for all biogenic amines at 60 °C during 60 min. These derivatives were optimally separated with a C₁₈ YMC-Pack ODS-A column set a 40 °C using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water under gradient conditions. An effective separation and quantification of the biogenic amines was achieved in 40 min using ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. Validation was established according to ICH guidelines, calibrations in matrix fitted a linear regression model with R² > 0.997. Repeatability (n = 6) and intermediate precision (n = 3) in matrix showed RSD values <2.34% and <3.16%, respectively. This method was applied to determine for the first time the biogenic amines content in Chilean wines. Twenty-seven samples of young varietal wines, i.e. Cabernet Sauvignon (n = 9), Merlot (n = 8) and Carménère (n = 10) were analyzed finding a biogenic amines content from 18.12 to 39.84 mg L^-1, where putrescine showed the highest concentration in all grape varieties. No significant difference was found between grapes varieties regarding total biogenic amines content (P = 0.7842, df = 26). Along with putrescine, histamine and tyramine were the most abundant biogenic amines but similar levels were also observed with spermidine.     

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Arcobacter isolates recovered from edible bivalve molluscs

The goals of this study were to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence genes of arcobacters recovered from edible bivalve molluscs. A total of 106 samples (21 clams, 18 mussels, 20 oysters, 20 razor clams, 11 scallops and 16 surf clams) were analysed by culture between 2010 and 2013. The obtained colonies were identified by multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP and genotyped by ERIC-PCR. Furthermore, nine putative virulence genes (cadF, ciaB, cjl349, irgA, hecA, hecB, mviN, pldA and tlyA) were assessed by PCR and the antimicrobial resistance was tested by the dilution agar method. The global prevalence was 40.5%, with the highest value in surf clams (87.5%) followed by razor clams (65.0%), mussels (33.3%), clams (23.8%), scallops (18.0%) and oysters (15.0%). The most commonly found species was Arcobacter butzleri (62%) followed by Arcobacter cryaerophilus (21%), Arcobacter skirrowii (16%) and Arcobacter defluvii (1%). A high resistance was found to nalidixic acid and ampicillin, while the predominant detected virulence genes were mviN (83.8%), ciaB (82.8%) and tlyA (72.7%). Our results indicate a high prevalence of arcobacters in shellfish and the pathogenic potential of the recovered isolates suggests that this type of food could be a plausible transmission route of virulent strains to humans.     

智利地震钢筋混凝土高层建筑震害对我国高层结构设计的启示

2010年2月27日在南美洲智利发生的8.8级大地震,造成了钢筋混凝土高层建筑的严重破坏,这是近年来现代钢筋混凝土高层建筑经历的最大地震,引起了国内外工程设计人员的广泛关注.以智利高层建筑结构体系特点入手,分别介绍了智利地震中钢筋混凝土剪力墙高层建筑、立面收进复杂高层建筑、连体复杂高层建筑、带消能减震支撑超高层建筑、带...     

The Hinterland Urbanised?

What defines the urban? And can the non-urban necessarily always be classified as rural? Neil Brenner , Director of the Urban Theory Lab at Harvard University Graduate School of Design, reflects on the lack of an overarching theory to describe these realms, and argues that what we call the countryside or the hinterland has become key to the process of capitalist urbanisation.     

智利El Teniente铜钼矿地质—地球化学特征 及成因模式

智利El Teniente铜钼矿是环太平洋东部安第斯成矿带南部最具代表性的斑岩型矿床之一。该矿床开采历史悠久,并以优越的成矿环境、独特的矿床地质特征、多期次的岩浆—矿化作用而倍受国内外地质学者的关注。对该矿床区域地质及矿床地质特征、岩浆岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素、锆石Hf-O同位素特征、流体包裹体地球化学特征及矿床成因模式进行了系统总结分析。结果表明,矿体以脉状—网脉状矿化为特征,主要赋存于安山岩、石英闪长岩和英安斑岩体中;矿区各期次岩浆岩体为同一幔源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物,并混有不同比例的俯冲板片物质;矿区成矿流体为高盐度、高温度及高成矿金属浓度的岩浆流体;该矿床的形成与多期次幔源岩浆岩及深部富含Cu、Mo和S组分的成矿流体密切相关。该矿床地球化学及成因模式的研究有利于区域上成矿模式的建立,同时还对于我国该类型矿床成因方面的理论研究及成矿预测具有重大现实意义。     

Dynamic-MFA examination of Chilean housing stock: long-term changes and earthquake damage

The dynamics and metabolism of the built environment are important for understanding the construction, renovation and demolition activities that characterize its long-term physical development. Previous research on building stock development is limited, particularly for developing countries. As one of the most seismically active countries in the world, Chile's built environment is constantly subjected to losses. This study included earthquake vulnerability and damage in a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) of the Chilean housing stock. Stock and flows of residential floor area were modelled using population and life style parameters. Demolition was modelled assuming a constant demolition rate. By characterizing the building stock according to vulnerability classes and establishing a mass balance per class, the effects of different typology distributions on the overall damage to the stock caused by earthquakes could be assessed. Scenarios with different trends in typology distribution for new construction and renovation suggest that significant potential exists for reducing future earthquake damage in the Chilean housing stock. This is best achieved by gradually reducing the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes. Legislation, building standards and financial instruments could be used to ensure such reductions in earthquake damage and thereby provide socio-economic benefits in the future.     

Panoramic view and national identity: two of Santiago de Chile's public spaces in the second half of the nineteenth century

This article shows how the panorama, as a modern form of visualization and representation, became a model for the Santa Lucia Hill and the Cousiño Park, two emblematic projects of Santiago's transformation, carried out by Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna between 1872 and 1875. On the one hand, supported by the height and location of the hill and its pattern of paths and terraces, the Santa Lucia promenade became an effective mechanism for visual control of the city as a whole, as well as a reference to the new urban order that was to be imposed. On the other hand, by proposing a landscape design that served as an urban window into Santiago's geographical surroundings, the Cousiño Park project interpreted the qualities of the panorama from a strongly local sensitivity that highlighted the values of life in contact with nature. The analysis of these two cases will show how the panorama remarkably influenced Santiago's first transformation in the republican era, while representing fundamental values of the emerging national identity.