Trajectories of knowledge economy in SSA and MENA countries

In the first critical assessment of knowledge economy dynamic paths in Africa and the Middle East, but for a few exceptions, we find overwhelming support for diminishing cross-country disparities in knowledge-based economy dimensions. The paper employs all the four components of the World Bank's Knowledge Economy Index (KEI): economic incentives, innovation, education, and information infrastructure. The main finding suggests that sub-Saharan African (SSA) and the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries with low levels of KE dynamics and catching-up their counterparts of higher KE levels. We provide the speeds of integration and time necessary to achieve full (100%) integration. Policy implications are also discussed.     

Convergence analysis of the alternating RGLS algorithm for the identification of the reduced complexity Volterra model

In this paper we provide a convergence analysis of the alternating RGLS (Recursive Generalized Least Square) algorithm used for the identification of the reduced complexity Volterra model describing stochastic non-linear systems. The reduced Volterra model used is the 3rd order SVD-PARAFC-Volterra model provided using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and the Parallel Factor (PARAFAC) tensor decomposition of the quadratic and the cubic kernels respectively of the classical Volterra model. The Alternating RGLS (ARGLS) algorithm consists on the execution of the classical RGLS algorithm in alternating way. The ARGLS convergence was proved using the Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) method. It is noted that the algorithm convergence canno׳t be ensured when the disturbance acting on the system to be identified has specific features. The ARGLS algorithm is tested in simulations on a numerical example by satisfying the determined convergence conditions. To raise the elegies of the proposed algorithm, we proceed to its comparison with the classical Alternating Recursive Least Squares (ARLS) presented in the literature. The comparison has been built on a non-linear satellite channel and a benchmark system CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor). Moreover the efficiency of the proposed identification approach is proved on an experimental Communicating Two Tank system (CTTS).     

计费帐务系统发展趋势分析

计费帐务系统作为业务运营支撑系统的重要组成部分。其发展方向日益受到运营商的关注。通过对计量帐务系统的研究，首先介绍了传统计费模式的现状以及存在的问题，然后结合各大公司产品对计责帐务系统的关键技术进行了分析，最后提出未来计费帐务系统的特征及对其发展趋势的展望。     

Numerical Study of Finite Element Method Based Solutions for Propagation of Wetting Fronts in Unsaturated Soil

The accurate prediction of the propagation of a wetting front in an unsaturated soil subjected to surficial infiltration is of practical importance to many geotechnical and geoenvironmental problems. The finite element method is the most common solution technique as the hydraulic soil properties are highly nonlinear. Two important issues are often found to create difficulties in such analyses. First, numerical oscillations are usually observed in the calculated pore pressures at the wetting front. Second, when a reasonable mesh size and time step are used, the elevation of the wetting front may be seriously overpredicted. This paper is focused on the second issue. The under-relaxation (UR) technique used in the iterative process within each time step is found to have a serious impact on rate of convergence with refinement in mesh size and time step. Two different techniques are typically used; the first evaluates the hydraulic conductivity using an average of heads calculated from the preceding time node and the most recent iteration of the current time node (UR1), and the second evaluates the hydraulic conductivity using the average of heads calculated from the two most recent iterations of the current time nodes (UR2). The study shows that UR1, which is adopted in programs such as SEEP/W, ensures that the solution converges rapidly to a stable solution within a time step, but may converge to the wrong wetting front at a given elapsed time unless a sufficiently refined mesh is used. UR2 converges much more slowly within a time step, but the error in the wetting front is smaller than that generated by UR1.     

用于非均匀介质重建的选代算法收敛性的研究

研究轴对称二维非均匀介质重建迭代算法的收敛性问题。首先借助于玻恩近似将非线性积分方程线性化，然后，利用玻恩迭代法和变形玻恩迭代法，由散射场数据对轴对称二维非均匀介质进行重建。通过几个例子研究了影响迭代算法收敛性的几种因素，如送代算法本身、积分离散化后的网格划分、正则化方法中的正则化参数选取等。     

乘性和加性噪声中谐波恢复的循环统计量方法

本文从循环平衡的观点出发来研究乘性和加性噪声中的谐波恢复问题.首先，在一定条件下建立了一般复过程的有限长付里叶变换的大样本性质．然后，得到了任意阶循环矩的样本估计关于循环频率的一致收敛速度．对于乘性和加性噪声中的谐波信号，建立了一、二、三阶循环矩样本估计的统计性质．在此基础上，分别提出了基于不同阶循环矩的谐波分最个数和频率的估计方法，并得到了估计的强相容性质和强收敛速度，最后给出了模拟实验结果．     

泊松方程数值解法的加速收敛法

用数值方法对泊松方程求解时，往往要对迭代的中间结果作适当的压缩处理，以加快收敛速度和避免溢出。本文提出一种单一指数因子的非线性压缩法。一维数值模拟结果表明，平衡态时不必进行压缩处理。而在非平衡态时，最佳指数压缩因子的大小与杂质浓度有关。参考本文给出的数值计算结果，根据给定器件的杂质浓度分布，选定一最佳指数压缩因子，可以使泊松方程的数值求解过程具有最快的收敛速度。     

Maintenance of the undersea section of the Seikan Tunnel

This paper introduces the results of measurements made over a period of 14 years after the Seikan Tunnel was opened for service. Because this tunnel is a very long undersea tunnel with the length of 54 km, the necessity of clarifying the long-term behavior of the tunnel structure was recognized from the start. Various measurements are made to survey the condition of the ground and lining concrete and data thus obtained are used to assess the soundness of the tunnel structure. Judging from the data thus far obtained, the tunnel structure appears to remain in a good condition.     

Convergence of self-tuning Riccati equation with correlated noises

For the linear discrete time-invariant stochastic system with correlated noises,and with unknown model parameters and noise statistics,substituting the online consistent estimators of the model paramet...     

State feedback stabilization of discrete linear switching systems subject to nonsymmetrical state and control bounds

Stabilization problem of discrete-time linear switching systems with bounds on the state and control input is solved in this paper.First,the synthesis of state feedback controllers that ensure the stab...