多模态影像学检查在诊断早期强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节疾病中的效果

目的:探究在早期强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节疾病诊断中不同放射影像学检查方法的应用效果。方法:抽取2018年5月-2020年1月本院收治的早期强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节疾病患者65例作为研究对象,所有患者均开展X线、CT、MRI影像学检查,对比三种不同影像学检查方法的检出率、影像学特征。结果:X线、CT、MRI检出率分别为38.46%(25/65)、60.00%(39/65)、76.92%(50/65),检出率相比,MRI、CT明显高于X线,P<0.05;X线、CT、MRI影像学特征,发现关节间隙出现不同的异常,如关节面出现侵蚀、骨质囊变现象,关节面下骨质出现硬化与关节软骨出现肿胀,其中MRI、CT检查,阳性率高于X线,P<0.05。而对于软组织肿胀、骨髓水肿、滑膜炎症、关节滑膜增厚等现象,只能通过MRI检查才能诊断。结论:在早期强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节疾病诊断中,X线、CT、MRI影像学检查均具有一定的指导意义,而MRI不仅可以提高检出率,还能准确反映微小病灶及其软组织病变,对于早期发现骶髂关节炎值得推荐。     

下扬子地区下志留统风暴沉积特征及风暴作用对泥页岩品质的影响

近年来在下扬子地区页岩气地质调查井所获取的地层岩心资料，揭示该地区下志留统风暴沉积较为发育。基于精细的岩心观察描述，详细分析了下扬子地区下志留统高家边组下段中上部风暴沉积的特征，并阐明了风暴作用对泥页岩的影响。研究表明：研究区风暴岩岩性偏细，以粉砂岩为主，石英含量较高，结构成熟度较低，具2种不同的粒度概率曲线；主要发育底部冲刷面、块状层理、平行层理、丘状交错层理、波纹交错层理、准同生变形构造等沉积构造；垂向上主要识别出4种风暴沉积序列，均具有从底到顶粒度变细的沉积特征，不同的沉积序列与风暴流能量的强弱有关。下扬子地区早志留世频繁的风暴活动与研究区的古地理背景和古气候条件具有内在联系。特大型风暴对浅海陆棚深水区的细粒泥质沉积物特征产生重要影响，包括降低有机质含量、减少单层厚度、破坏垂向连续性、改变原始沉积构造和侧向稳定性等，总体上降低了泥页岩的品质。因此，研究认为在页岩气的勘探和评价过程中应重视风暴因素对陆棚深水区原始泥质沉积物的影响。     

塔里木盆地中秋1凝析气藏成藏条件及演化过程

2018年12月,塔里木盆地秋里塔格构造带天然气勘探取得重大突破,中秋1井在下白垩统巴什基奇克组测试获高产工业气流,发现了该构造带迄今为止最大的整装凝析气藏。为了给该构造带下一步油气勘探部署提供依据,在充分利用前人研究成果的基础上,基于岩心、薄片、测井及地球化学分析资料,明确了中秋1大型凝析气藏的油气藏特征和气藏类型,分析了该气藏天然气成藏条件并推演其演化过程。研究结果表明:①中秋1大型气藏属于低含凝析油凝析气藏,天然气为煤成气,主要来自区内侏罗系腐殖型煤系烃源岩;②该构造带能够形成大型油气藏的有利地质条件是三叠系和侏罗系发育的两套巨厚高演化烃源岩、白垩系发育的大型辫状河三角洲规模有效砂岩储层、喜马拉雅晚期以来的构造活动形成的大规模楔状叠瓦构造圈闭、古近系和新近系巨厚膏盐岩形成的优越保存条件,以及油气生成与圈闭形成的良好时空匹配;③该气藏具有先油后气、晚期快速气侵聚集成藏的成藏模式,总体上是一个"早期聚油、晚期气侵、改造调整、快速成藏"的成藏过程。结论认为,该构造带油气成藏条件优越,具有广阔的油气勘探前景。     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里辉长岩斜锆石U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带是东准噶尔重要的组成部分，该蛇绿岩带沿卡拉麦里山呈NWW向展布，延伸约400 km，主要由橄榄岩、辉长岩、斜长花岗岩和少量的硅质岩组成。选取蛇绿岩带西段呈团块状出露的辉长岩斜锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb 测年得出，辉长岩谐和年龄为（434.4±2.7） Ma（MSWD=0.87），加权平均年龄为（436.4±2.5） Ma（MSWD=0.59），属早志留世。截至目前，该年龄是卡拉麦里蛇绿混杂岩中测得的最早年龄，标志着卡拉麦里洋盆在早志留世就已经开始拉张形成，即在扎河坝—阿尔曼太蛇绿岩所代表的洋盆闭合前，卡拉麦里洋盆就已经存在。     

克拉苏构造带盐下超深层储层的构造改造作用与油气勘探新发现

塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带油气群下白垩统巴什基奇克组埋深超过6 000 m,储层基质渗透率低,裂缝普遍发育,构造对储层的改造作用明显,但博孜9井的勘探突破反映出不同区带间构造改造作用差异较大、非均质性极强,重新认识构造对储层的改造作用对于预测超深层储层、指导油气勘探生产具有重要的意义。为此,基于钻井取心、构造平衡恢复、裂缝充填物同位素测年、区块应力数值模拟等资料,结合流体包裹体、声发射古应力、铸体薄片等实验分析方法,从定性分析到定量计算、研究了克拉苏构造带油气群超深层储层的构造改造作用及其差异性。研究结果表明:①北部天山造山带及南部古隆起控制了该构造带储层的沉积格局及差异构造变形,形成巴什基奇克组储层"西薄东厚"的分布特征;②博孜区段古应力最小,构造变形主要为正向挤压、逆冲传播,局部井区为斜向压扭;③大北区段主要为斜向压扭,古应力较小,构造变形为逆冲叠置;克深区段古应力最大,构造变形主要为正向挤压、后缘逆冲抬升、前缘滑脱收缩;④差异构造变形使同一构造带不同构造变形样式的构造减孔量呈现出较大的差别,且控制了不同区段造缝期与成岩胶结的叠加影响、中晚期裂缝网络与油气成藏期的配置关系,加剧了储层的非均质性,是区段间产能差异的基础改造因素;⑤现今构造应力的大小及方向影响裂缝有效性,南部为强挤压应力区,背斜相对高部位裂缝走向与现今应力交角较小,裂缝有效性最好;⑥构造成岩环境决定了构造裂缝充填物的类型,北部区块以淡水—半碱水介质成岩环境为主,裂缝充填物类型为方解石,有利于对储层进行酸化压裂改造。     

煤系地层致密砂岩气甜点区地震逐级预测——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘下二叠统山西组2~3亚段为例

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部下二叠统山西组2~3亚段(以下简称山2~3亚段)为该盆地重要的天然气勘探目的层,但该亚段储层薄、厚度变化快、非均质性强,储层预测和勘探目标优选难度大。为了准确预测该亚段煤系地层致密砂岩气甜点区、提高天然气勘探成功率,针对该套储层的特征和预测难点,提出了90°相移技术识别河道外形、模型约束波阻抗反演刻画砂体厚度和子波衰减梯度属性识别含气砂体的地震逐级预测技术。研究结果表明:①山2~3亚段上覆5号煤地震强反射层,下伏储层地震反射能量弱,加之为稀疏二维地震测网、井控程度低,致使致密砂岩气甜点区预测难度大;②所提出的技术方法通过地震逐级预测约束,可以有效地刻画河道砂体分布并识别有效含气储层,提高了对勘探开发目标预测的精度;③基于该技术方法指导部署的勘探开发目标实钻效果好,地震预测结果横向分辨率高,真实地反映了河道及河道砂体的变化特征。结论认为,采用该方法可以有效地解决二维地震勘探区煤系地层强非均质性、薄储层致密砂岩气甜点区预测的地质难题。     

A novel inverse data driven modelling approach to performance-based building design during early stages

Energy analysis at the early stage of building design is a critical, yet difficult task in performance-based design. The difficulty arises from the complex, iterative, and uncertain nature of building design and the challenges of integration with well-posed energy assessment tools. The purpose of this article is to first review characteristics of performance-based design and establish requirements for a methodology that includes generating promising design alternatives, assessing the energy performance in tandem with the generation of alternatives, and choosing an alternative design solution with confidence. The study then proposes a novel systematic data-driven method, based on linear inverse modeling that generates plausible ranges for design parameters given a preferred energy target. The energy performance in this method is described as a linear function of the design parameters for a particular scenario of design. The application of the proposed method in a case study shows that it is capable of helping designers make informed decisions regarding energy performance iteratively and confidently at the early stages of building design.     

贵州英坪钼镍多金属矿地质特征及成矿条件

区内早寒武世黑色岩系是由下至上分别为古风化壳、上磷矿层、钼镍多金属层、高炭质泥岩、炭质泥岩、含炭质泥岩的岩性组合,主要以泥炭质为主;具有黄铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化、重晶石化等蚀变现象;其中,古风化壳、上磷矿层不完全发育,而高炭质泥岩稳定产出可作为找矿标志层。英坪钼镍多金属层赋存于黑色岩系底部,为多金属硫化物、黏土矿物及高炭质泥岩组成的细层;顶底板标志清晰,界限分明,特征典型;矿石矿物以硫化物为主,脉石矿物以黏土、硅质、炭质为主,矿石结构以泥质(粉砂质)砾(粒)屑结构为主,矿石构造以叠层状构造为主。根据矿体(层)地质特征、沉积环境等综合分析,区内成矿条件主要受着地层岩性、古构造运动、岩相古地理及生物作用等多种因素的制约;根据矿体(层)赋存层位、岩性组合、顶底板特征、蚀变现象等综合分析,建立了本区的找矿标志。     

Application of cross validation techniques for modelling construction costs during the very early design stage

Building client/owners need estimates of likely construction costs for budgeting purposes early in the procurement process when little detailed design information is available beyond the type, size and location of the facility. One of the more sophisticated techniques available for this purpose is the storey enclosure method, developed by James in 1954. This uses the basic physical measurements of the building envelope, together with an arbitrary set of multipliers, or weights, to forecast tender/bid prices. Although seldom used in practice, James succeeded in showing his method to be capable of significantly outperforming alternative approaches.

The research reported in this paper aimed firstly to reassess James’ claims with new data and secondly to advance his method by using regression techniques to obtain the weights involved. Based on data from 138 completed Hong Kong projects for four types of building, two types of regression models were developed. This involved the use of sophisticated features such as leave-one-out cross validation to simulate the way in which forecasts are produced in practice and a dual stepwise selection strategy that enhances the chance of identifying the best model. An algorithm was also designed to select the appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests for objective and rigorous model evaluation against alternatives.

The results indicate that, contrary to James’ claim, both his original method and the two regression-based alternatives are not significantly better or worse than other models. Surprisingly, the widely used floor area model was found to under-perform in terms of consistency for offices and private housing. For private housing in particular, it was felt that the storey enclosure method was likely to offer good prospects of improvement on those methods currently in use in practice.     

喷射早强钢纤维混凝土在补强矿区铁路公铁立交桥中的应用

矿区铁路沉降引起公铁立交桥产生裂缝 ,用喷射早强钢纤维混凝土来进行补强加固 ,体现了早强钢纤维混凝土具有初期强度高和优良的抗拉性、抗裂性和柔韧性等特点。通过试验和施工取得了良好的效果