Model for practical prediction of natural carbonation in reinforced concrete: Part 1-formulation

A model is proposed for prediction of natural carbonation in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, and is potentially applicable to existing and new RC structures. The major components of the model comprise mathematical functions applied to predict the influence of concrete composition, and environmental factors on natural carbonation.This paper introduces the model concept and explains its structure including derivation, optimization and calibration. Over 163 data sets taken from a 10-year carbonation study were used in the model development and calibration. Only the experimental data that were based on outdoor natural exposure environment were employed in this research. Also in this study, the proposed model is compared with fib-Model Code 2010 using carbonation predictions generated from 346 data sets involving real world, highway structures. It is shown that the proposed model is comparably accurate and involves mainly basic tests with no major anticipated costs.     

Self-cleaning engineered cementitious composites

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a strain hardening cementitious composite with extreme tensile ductility of several percent. Few emerging applications of ECC, including lightweight building façade and pavement, make self-cleaning a desirable functionality to be added into the material. This study aims to impart photocatalytic properties into ECC for engaging self-cleaning. Influence of TiO₂ content on mechanical properties, cleaning efficiency, surface wettability, and dirt pick-up resistance of white ECC was studied. It shows that the inclusion of TiO₂ in ECC engages photocatalysis, facilitates the decomposition of RhB, and enhances photo-induced hydrophilicity significantly. As a result, TiO₂-ECC possesses self-cleaning with higher dirt pick-up resistance than normal ECC. However, TiO₂ photocatalysis may adversely affect the flexural strength and ductility of ECC due to weakened fiber/matrix interface bond after UV/sunlight irradiation.     

高镁镍渣-磷石膏基复合胶凝材料的制备与性能评价

采用机械研磨的方式将高镁镍渣（HMNS）和磷石膏（PG）筛分至不同粒度，评价了掺不同粒度高镁镍渣和磷石膏复合胶凝材料的力学性能，并对强度形成机制进行了分析。评价了各种配比下浆体的抗压强度和体积稳定性，并分析了其作用机制。试验表明：以HMNS∶PG∶富钙硅质材料ZL=5.4∶3.6∶1配比制得试样的28 d抗压强度为4.43 MPa；室温环境下养护56 d，SP6线性收缩为1.02×10-3 mm/mm，体积稳定性优良；水化产物Ca(OH)2更少，Ca（OH）2与HMNS-PG体系反应生成了CSH凝胶和AFt，结构更为稳定。     

Ordinary Portland Cement composition for the optimization of the synergies of supplementary cementitious materials of ternary binders in hydration processes

The synergistic effects of using several supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as Blast Furnace Slags plus Limestone Filler or Fly Ashes, depend on the OPC composition. When using an OPC which is poor in C₃A and alkalis in ternary formulations, a similar initial strength gain to that of a plain OPC is detected and at longer hydration ages, the formation of monocarboaluminate, hemicarbonate and hydrotalcite instead of monosulphate can be seen. If an OPC with a higher C₃A content and alkalis is used with SCMs, the higher availability of Al causes the early formation of monocarboaluminate and a lower initial strength gain. At longer hydration times, in ternary blends with both OPCs, the mechanical strengths are higher and the C-S-H gels formed are richer in Al and poorer in C/S ratio with a subsequent lowering of the alkali content in the pore solution when compared to that in plain OPC.     

高强度矿渣胶凝材料抗压强度影响因素的研究

研究了以矿渣、石膏、石灰为主要原料的矿渣胶凝材料在蒸养下抗压强度的影响因素,并通过正交实验方法对原料的配合比、蒸养条件等进行了优选。结果表明:在蒸养温度80℃时,掺入8%的石膏、14%的石灰复合激发剂能较好激发矿渣的活性,胶凝材料28d的抗压强度达到85MPa。     

混凝土中氯离子迁移的影响因素研究

从混凝土暴露时间、胶凝材料吸附作用、环境温度、应力和裂缝状态等方面考察了它们对混凝土中氯离子迁移的影响、结果表明，混凝土的氯离子表观扩散系数随暴露时间的推移而衰减，且掺有掺合料的混凝土其衰减程度要大于纯水泥混凝土；矿物掺合料对氯离子的吸附结合能力要比水泥强，胶凝材料对氯离子的吸附结合能力与环境中的氯离子浓度有关；环境温度越高，混凝土中氯离子的迁移速率越大．混凝土所处的应力状态将在多方面影响氯离子在混凝土中的迁移，混凝土中裂缝的存在将促进氯离子在混凝土中的迁移．     

氯氧镁制品裂纹与预防

分析了氯氧镁制品产生裂纹的原因，提出了相应的预防措施。     

基于改性磷酸盐水泥的CFRP网格加固钢筋混凝土板的受弯试验

采用碳纤维(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)网格增强无机改性磷酸盐水泥基材料(Magnesium Phosphate Cementitious,简称MPC)加固钢筋混凝土板,MPC是对磷酸盐水泥在配合比和矿物掺合料两个方面进行改性优化,该加固方法充分利用了MPC具有早期强度高、低收缩、与旧混凝土黏结力强、良好的耐久性、防火防老化等优点。主要开展了CFRP网格增强MPC水泥基体加固混凝土板的抗弯试验,试验结果表明,破坏模式为混凝土板与加固层界面的剥离破坏;加固后板的开裂荷载提高了133%,极限荷载提高了108%。CFRP网格增强无机磷酸盐水泥基体复合材料加固技术不仅能够有效地提高混凝土板的抗弯承载力,还可以提高构件的刚度和抗裂性能。     

水泥基材料的碳硫硅钙石型硫酸盐侵蚀(TSA)

主要介绍了近年来国外关于TSA的研究情况和一些报道的工程实例,分析了TSA发生与发展的影响因素.     

PVA纤维增强应变硬化水泥基材料韧性性能研究

水泥基材料抗拉强度低、韧性差是其易于开裂、导致结构耐久性低劣的主要原因之一。高模量聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维可增强水泥基材料韧性,使其呈现准应变硬化和多缝开裂特征,从而改善结构耐久性。本文通过四点弯曲试验得出了不同加载速率和不同配比应变硬化水泥基复合材料(PVA-SHCC)的力-变形曲线并用CONSOFT软件计算断裂能。结果表明,硅灰使材料的抗压强度有所提高,但最大抗弯承载力和变形下降,断裂能随之降低;甲基纤维素使PVA-SHCC脆性增大;随着加载速率的降低,材料表现出更好的应变硬化性能,微裂缝条数增多。