阿尔泰南缘北塔山组火山岩锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

新疆阿尔泰南缘北塔山组火山岩较为发育。本文对新疆阿尔泰南缘默色克奥依一带北塔山组火山岩进行地球化学分析和年代学研究。研究表明：U-Pb锆石年龄为（384.3±4.0Ma）Ma，为中泥盆世；该组火山岩属于钾质钙碱性系列，全碱（Na2O+K2O=2.07%-6.49%）和YiO2（0.24%-0.64%）含量较低，K2O含量（1.11%-4.04%）变化较大，稀土元素含量（∑REE）较低。稀土元素显示其轻稀土富集且分馏不明显；δEu值均大于1，为Eu富集型；δCe值均小于1，为Ce亏损型。该组火山岩微量元素P明显富集，K、Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素（LILE）略富集，亏损Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素（HISF）。结合前人研究，本文认为默色克奥依一带北塔山组火山岩形成于岛弧及与俯冲过程有关的活动大陆边缘造山带环境，为泥盆纪古大洋俯冲消减过程中，俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代上覆地幔楔部分熔融的产物。     

Crystallization in Confinement

Many crystallization processes of great importance, including frost heave, biomineralization, the synthesis of nanomaterials, and scale formation, occur in small volumes rather than bulk solution. Here, the influence of confinement on crystallization processes is described, drawing together information from fields as diverse as bioinspired mineralization, templating, pharmaceuticals, colloidal crystallization, and geochemistry. Experiments are principally conducted within confining systems that offer well-defined environments, varying from droplets in microfluidic devices, to cylindrical pores in filtration membranes, to nanoporous glasses and carbon nanotubes. Dramatic effects are observed, including a stabilization of metastable polymorphs, a depression of freezing points, and the formation of crystals with preferred orientations, modified morphologies, and even structures not seen in bulk. Confinement is also shown to influence crystallization processes over length scales ranging from the atomic to hundreds of micrometers, and to originate from a wide range of mechanisms. The development of an enhanced understanding of the influence of confinement on crystal nucleation and growth will not only provide superior insight into crystallization processes in many real-world environments, but will also enable this phenomenon to be used to control crystallization in applications including nanomaterial synthesis, heavy metal remediation, and the prevention of weathering.     

Cofactors as Molecular Fossils To Trace the Origin and Evolution of Proteins

Due to their early origin and extreme conservation, cofactors are valuable molecular fossils for tracing the origin and evolution of proteins. First, as the order of protein folds binding with cofactors roughly coincides with protein-fold chronology, cofactors are considered to have facilitated the origin of primitive proteins by selecting them from pools of random amino acid sequences. Second, in the subsequent evolution of proteins, cofactors still played an important role. More interestingly, as metallic cofactors evolved with geochemical variations, some geochemical events left imprints in the chronology of protein architecture; this provides further evidence supporting the coevolution of biochemistry and geochemistry. In this paper, we attempt to review the molecular fossils used in tracing the origin and evolution of proteins, with a special focus on cofactors.     

因子分析在冀东峪耳崖金矿地球化学找矿中的应用

峪耳崖金矿位于华北板块北缘，矿区基底地层为太古界迁西群麻粒岩相和角闪岩相，矿体受NNE—NE向断裂构造控制，赋矿围岩为花岗岩。在矿床地质特征基础上，利用矿区土壤地球化学数据，采取传统统计法和累计频率法圈定了金矿12个元素的异常范围；运用因子分析方法划分出了Sb Hg Pb As元素组合、Au Ag Bi元素组合、Zn Cu Sn元素组合和W Mo元素组合；再对因子得分进行趋势面分析，较为有效地突出了深层次的找矿信息，更准确地圈出成矿靶区。结合研究区地质特征认为Au Ag Bi元素组合和Sb Hg Pb As元素组合为研究区最佳地球化学标志元素组合，下一步地质工作重点应放在矿区中矿带矿体深部及其南部异常高值区，同时布置少量工程在北矿带，以追索与唐杖子金矿之间的联系。     

Long-term monitoring of natural hydrogen superficial emissions in a brazilian cratonic environment. Sporadic large pulses versus daily periodic emissions

In many basins, hydrogen-emitting structures are now observed, but the estimation of the H₂ flow leading to their formation remains poorly constrained since all data show that the H₂ emissions are variable in space and time. We present here the data of a long-term monitoring campaign with a high density of permanent hydrogen detectors installed in 2 structures in the Minas Gerais State (Brazil). Results show that two kinds of signals are recorded, large sporadic pulses that affect the H₂ content of the soil for one or two days and smaller ones, with a daily periodicity, that last 6 h and during which the near surface soil concentration usually does not exceed 200 ppm. This last signal is very regular in frequency, less in amount, and the daily maximum happens around noon or in the early afternoon. We interpret the large pulses as evidences of a deep hydrogen flux, leaking either from a reservoir located in the subsurface, from an aquifer which is degassing or, although it seems unlikely, directly from the H₂ generation area.The time correlation between the pulse and the increase of the daily signal suggests that this last one corresponds to the slow release of the gas that has been captured by the soil during its transport towards the surface. This daily signal is most likely influenced by external factors such as atmospheric pressure and sub-surface bacterial activity. In map view, the lack of correlation between the highest hydrogen concentrations over time suggests that the soil is very heterogeneous and that preferential pathways exist. The results confirm that long-term monitoring, over a few months, is mandatory to catch a certain number of high pulses and so to have a better estimation of the real flow. Data also suggests that sensors with a large concentration range should be used (from 10 to several 10⁴ ppm). Even if quantification of leakage doesn't help to quantify the subsurface reserves, these new data allow a more precise evaluation of the quantity of H₂ released in surface by these structures, few hundred of kilo per day, and confirm the high H₂ prospectivity of this basin.     

“多能源同盆共存”中铀的煤地球化学研究现状及思路

在阐述“多能源同存共盆”研究理念的由来和产生背景的基础上,从煤地质学的角度,指出了多能源同盆共存理论现有认识中的不足和亟待解决的问题,阐明了在多“能源同盆共存”统一背景下铀的煤地球化学研究的必要性和紧迫性.指出,强化对煤系烃源岩型（或煤系有机岩即煤岩型及煤系泥岩型）铀的富集机理和赋存规律的专项研究是建立“多能源同盆共存”理论的重要基础,进一步深入展开对煤中微量元素、常量元素与铀的赋存状态及其相互关系研究,查明煤中某些显微组分与铀相关性、油气转化过程中铀的地球化学行为,是煤地球化学在建立“多能源同盆共存”理论中应发挥的重要作用.     

潜江凹陷潜江组盐湖地层演化与层序发育特征

结合盐湖层序地层分析，在系统测试了潜江凹陷潜江组碳、氧同位素后，对其演化规律与层序地层的关系进行了探讨，研究结果表明：潜江组内δ^13C和δ^18O值的变化范围分别是-7.37‰～2.35‰。和-6.42‰～0．23‰(PDB)。在低位体系域的初期和高位体系战的末期，由于湖水范围较小，这对如果降雨量小于蒸发量就会有盐岩的沉积，所以其碳、氧同位素的值偏大；而在水进体系战时期，由于湖平面上升，湖水的注入量大于蒸发量，所以这一对期没有盐岩的沉积，碳、氧同位素的值也偏低。然而在对潜江组的潜四段进行研究时，却发现碳、氧同位素的分布不具上述规律。在潜四段盐岩不仅分布于低位体系战的初期和高位体系战的末期，而且在水进体系域中也可见盐岩。作者认为潜江凹陷潜江组可能存在另一种成盐模式一深水事件性成盐。     

鄂东北地区主要成矿元素的地球化学特征及其找矿意义

鄂东北地处桐柏山~大别山区,地质构造复杂,变质作用强烈,岩浆活动频繁,为在本区内寻找具有工业价值的金属矿床,采用地球化学方法,在综合研究区域地质的背景下,根据元素共生组合与地质构造的关系,多元素组合异常及主要成矿元素的累乘异常的水平分带规律,将全区划分为12处化学元素富集区带,对指示鄂东北地区金属矿产的找矿工作是行之有效的。     

Using a Water Balance to Determine the Source of Water in the Flooding Underground Mine Workings of Butte

Abstract.  Nearly 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of underground mine workings began flooding on April 22, 1982 when the large pumps used to dewater the mines of Butte, Montana were shut off. In the first few months, water levels in the workings rose hundreds of meters. Flooding continues to this day at a slower rate, nearly 25 years later. An early evaluation of the water chemistry in the flooding mines suggested that the initially poor water quality was the result of flushing of a reservoir of stored acidity and metals. However, a detailed water balance for the Berkeley pit, underground workings, and associated mining features suggests an alternative explanation. During the early period of mine flooding, acidic surface water from the deactivated heap leach operations and nearby acid rock drainage were routed into the empty Berkeley Pit, and thence drained downward and outward into the underground mine workings, causing widespread degradation of water quality in the underlying workings. After 21 months, the hydraulic gradients in the system reversed, causing a change in the direction of ground water flow and a gradual improvement in water quality of the mine shafts.     

湖北应城盐矿矿山环境地球化学评价

对应城矿山区土壤和地表水地球化学特征进行详细的评价,指出在采卤区主要是土壤盐化(高Cl),Cl向深部逐渐富集,在底土层中达到最高;开采区已形成轻度盐化土壤6.5 km2,中度盐化土壤1.5 km2,重度盐化土壤0.5 km2,重金属污染不严重;在盐化工业区和城区除土壤盐化外,Cd、Hg、Pb亦较高,其中在城区Cd达到中度污染。地表水中不但含盐量高,而且以As、Hg为主重金属的含量在黄滩、四里棚含量较高,其来源主要由盐化企业和其它化工企业的工业生产废水引起。