磷钨酸乙醇染色法在嗜铬颗粒电镜X射线显微分析中的应用

通过比较常规透射电镜制样法、快速冷冻固定－冷冻超薄切片法及磷钨酸乙醇（EPTA）染色法在嗜铬颗粒透射电镜X射线显微分析中的应用，发现磷钨酸乙醇染色法能使嗜铬颗粒电子着色，从而较好地显示嗜铬颗粒的超微结构。同时磷钨酸乙醇染色法也以在一定程度上原位保留生物样品中元素，可以应用于检测样品元素含量的变化或比较样品元素含量的组间差别，提示磷钨酸乙醇染色法是一种可应用于透射电镜X射线显微分析的经济简便的生物样品制备方法。     

Comparison of the GFFF and LALLS Methods for the Measurement of Starch Granule Size Distribution in Spring Barley Caryopses

A newly developed method GFFF (Gravitational Field‐Flow Fractionation) and the well known method LALLS (Low Angle Laser Light Scattering) were used to assess starch granule size distribution of ten varieties of spring barley. As a distribution criterion, the ratio of starch granule content larger than 8 μm (type A) and smaller than 8 μm (type B) was chosen. Both methods divided the observed set in a similar way. Varieties Akcent, Forum and Atribut formed a variety set with the highest ratio of large and small starch granules. Varieties Scarlet and Kompakt had intermediate ratios. The remaining five varieties Amulet, Novum, Olbram, Tolar and Krona had the lowest ratios of large and small starch granules. Statistical analysis showed that there was a highly significant correlation between the GFFF and LALLS methods.     

The amylose and lipid contents,dimensions, and gelatinisation characteristics of some wheat starches and their A- and B-granule fractions

Starches isolated from 23 bread wheats (Triticum aestivum) and 26 durum wheats (T. durum) contained 26.3-30.6% (mean 29.1%) total amylose, 19.3–25.1% (mean 22.9%) apparent amylose and 783–1144mg 100g^?1 (mean 977 mg 100g^?1) lysophos-pholipids. Gelatinisation temperatures were 57.3–64.9°C (mean 61.8°C) and enthalpies 6.4–11.8 Jg^?1 (mean 9.7Jg^?1) in excess water, measured by differential scanning calorimetry. There were no correlations between any of these parameters. Starch granule size distributions were determined with a Coulter Counter and 100–channel analyser. A-granule mean volumes were 1235–2585μm³ (av. 1778), modal volumes 863–1804μm³ (av. 1264), mean diameters 13.9–16.0μm (av. 13.99), and specific surface areas 0.236–0.302m²g^?1. B-granule mean volumes were 35.4–100.4μm³ (av. 55.9), modal volumes 16.5–54.5μm³ (av. 27.7), mean diameters 3.66–5.07μm (av. 4.09), and specific surface areas 0.684–0.920m²g^?1. The B-granule contents of the starches were 12.8–34.6% (av. 27.3) by weight (sedimentation method) and 13.0–37.3% (av. 24.0) by volume (Coulter method), the latter being the more accurate method.     

金属基复合材料实型熔铸颗粒强化技术的研究

把实型铸造与熔铸技术有机结合提出金属基复合材料颗粒强化新技术。通过在实型铸造的泡沫材料的特定部位，事先将高性能合金进行弥散分布处理，浇铸金属母液，在金属结晶凝固过程中，在保持基体材料成分及性能不变的情况下，一次性获得表层或内表层具有特殊性能的金属基复合材料铸件。复合材料层成分、组织由表层向基体呈梯度分布，厚度可控，可以进行机械后加工。     

5％孑孓灵颗粒剂中三唑磷的气相色谱分析

本文采用气相色谱法测定５％孑孓灵颗粒剂中有效成分三唑磷的含量。选用５％Ｄｅｘｓｉｌ３００固定液，ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＷＡＷＤＭＣＳ担体制备色谱柱，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为内标物，具有简便、快速、准确度高等优点、方法的平均回收率为９６．０７％，标准偏差为０．０６，变异系数为１．０２％。     

微波辐射活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯

用颗粒状活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂，在微波辐射下合成乙酸异戊酯。实验结果显示，当微波功率为150W，催化剂用量为1．4g，n(醇)：n(酸)=1．2：1，反应时间30min，酯化率为98．0％以上。另外通过实验发现，微波辐射下其反应速率明显高于常规加热方式。     

80%莠灭净水分散粒剂的配方

采用了挤压造粒的加工工艺对高含量莠灭净固化新剂型WG(水分散粒剂)进行了研制,尤其对该制剂中的润湿剂、悬浮分散剂、粘结剂和崩解剂的种类及用量进行了筛选,并对该制剂的润湿、崩解、悬浮等性能进行了检测,根据试验结果得到了由2%的烷基萘磺酸钠、4%的马来酸-丙烯酸共聚物钠盐、3%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、2.5%的可溶淀粉、83.3%的莠灭净原药(含量为96%)和适量膨润土等组成的较佳配方,该产品的悬浮率在90%以上,崩解时间在1min以内,在(54±2)℃下贮存4周后的分解率小于5%,各项性能指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

铁谱分析技术在齿轮监控中的应用

从磨损机理出发，分析了齿轮传动的工作状况及失效形式，介绍了用铁谱分析技术监控齿轮传动的实施程序及注意事项，总结出判别齿轮磨损种类和磨损程度的方法，并提供了一些实验结果。     

基于改进的简化粒子群聚类算法

针对粒子群算法后期收敛速度慢、易陷入局部极值的缺点,提出一种基于粒密度和最大距离积法的简 化粒子群聚类算法.通过采用线性递减与随机分布相结合的惯性权重策略、添加极值扰动算子、优化粒子个体最优位置,使粒子群算法能够快速收敛于全局最优.再把改进后的粒子群算法与K-means算法相结合,解决K-means算法因随机初始聚类中心而导致聚类效果差、不稳定等问题.通过实验分析,该算法的聚类结果准确率更高、收敛速度更快、稳定性更强.     

大颗粒尿素造粒装置技术改造

介绍了大颗粒尿素装置改造方案,对技术改造的实施效果进行了总结。从 技术改造和技术管理方面提出了相应的措施。