A comprehensive review on oxygen transport membranes: Development history,current status,and future directions

In view of its important role as raw materials in various energy and environment fields, pure oxygen has been widely required. The present cryogenic distillation, polymeric membrane and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) air separation methods are either energy-intensive or producing non-high purity oxygen. The comparative analysis of the inorganic dense ceramic-based oxygen transport membranes (OTMs) with these traditional oxygen production technologies and the H₂/O₂ production by electrolysis of water shows irreplaceable advantages. The oxygen transport mechanism has been elaborated further to reveal the theoretical basis for the development of OTMs. The dual-phase membranes that have been widely studied are divided into three types according to the conduction paths of oxygen ions and electrons. Based on a review of the different types of OTM materials experienced in the past 30 years, its applications such as oxygen-enriched combustion involving H₂ and membrane reactors have been discussed. Finally, challenges and future directions are analyzed according to potential industrial design directions and competitive technologies of OTMs.     

Effect of double doping on crystal structure and electrical conductivity of CaO and WO3-doped Bi2O3

The atomic arrangement of WO₃-doped Bi₂O₃ was found similar to that of the fluorite structure. However, the electrical conductivity of WO₃-doped Bi₂O₃ is significantly lower than that of commonly used Y₂O₃-doped Bi₂O₃. The structure and electrical conductivity of samples formulated as (Ca_xW_0.15Bi_0.85−x)₂O_3.45−x (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were investigated. The as-sintered (W_0.15Bi_0.85)₂O_3.45 and (Ca_0.1W_0.15Bi_0.75)₂O_3.35 exhibit similar single tetragonal structure that is isostructural with 7Bi₂O₃·2WO₃. Therefore, (W_0.15Bi_0.85)₂O_3.45 and (Ca_0.1W_0.15Bi_0.75)₂O_3.35 formed a superstructure consisting of 10 enlarged cubic fluorite subcells. However, the as-sintered samples consist of a tetragonal structure and tetragonal CaWO₄ for x = 0.2 and 0.3 because the oxygen vacancy concentration increases. The conductivities of (Ca_xW_0.15Bi_0.85−x)₂O_3.45−x (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) did not exhibit linear dependence with x value. The best conductivity is 2.35 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹ at 700 °C for x = 0.1 that is higher than that of Ca-free (W_0.15Bi_0.85)₂O_3.45. The higher conductivity of (Ca_0.1W_0.15Bi_0.75)₂O_3.35 than (W_0.15Bi_0.85)₂O_3.45 may result from the higher anion vacancy concentration and more symmetrical structure.     

在微波场中合成矿物无机凝胶

以天然矿物为原料,添加其他化学试剂在微波场中合成了矿物无机凝胶,反应时间由常规的6~8h减至45m in,反应温度由230~310℃减至90~95℃。经XRD、DTA、IR和化学成分分析,均表明其特征与天然矿物无机凝胶具有很好的吻合性。     

萤石粉稀相正压气力输送系统设计

萤石粉是由萤石块矿经破磨、浮选、脱水和烘干后形成的粉状物料，广泛应用于化工、炼钢、有色冶金、玻璃及陶瓷等行业。目前大多数选矿厂均为县级以下企业，在长期生产实践中，它们往往将传统回转筒干燥机外衬耐火混凝土后直接加热，在进料端用引风机将蒸汽抽出。这样做虽然提高了烘干效率，但由于加热窑燃烧工况不稳定导致出料温度和湿度变化范围大，难以输送。     

萤石浮选捕收剂研究进展

萤石捕收剂可分羧酸类、生物脂类、两性捕收剂 、复合捕收剂、烷基膦酸和烷基硫酸(烷基磺酸)等五类,其中绝大部分属化工厂副产品。羧酸类(油酸或油酸盐)仍然是萤石浮选的主要捕收剂。使用两性捕收剂能改善萤石-方解石分离的选择性,而生物脂类则可有效排除萤石精矿小的二氧化硅。     

凝胶挤出流延聚氟乙烯薄膜的研究

介绍了一种适合聚氟乙烯薄膜生产制造的新工艺——凝胶挤出流延法。该工艺克服了聚氟乙烯自身结构特性给成型带来的困难，得到的薄膜产品具有耐候性强、强度高、透光率大等优点，并有很好的应用前景。此外还系统讨论了树脂结构、潜溶剂及加工条件对薄膜制品的影响。     

我国萤石矿产资源可持续开发利用研究

我国的萤石矿产资源丰富，但由于萤石资源分布比较集中，矿床的品位低，加上缺乏统一的规划管理，资源浪费严重，且出口量过大。在分析我国萤石资源优势和开发利用中存在问题的基础上，提出了实施和完善战略性矿产资源储备制度以保护资源；加强地质勘察力度以增加储量；充分利用尾矿和贫矿资源；寻找和使用接替资源等措施。     

Chemical and microstructural characterisation of HfO2-Y2O3 ceramics with high amount of Y2O3 (33, 40 and 50 mol. %) manufactured using spark plasma sintering

Hafnia based ceramics are potential promising candidates to be used as thermal barrier coatings (TBC) for applications in the field of propulsion. In this study, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of fully stabilised hafnia with yttrium oxide (yttria) was investigated to provide a better understanding of the effect of manufacturing parameters, on the crystallography, chemistry and microstructure of the material. Several hafnia powders, containing different amounts of yttria (33 mol. %, 40 mol. % or 50 mol. %), were sintered by SPS at different temperature levels ranging from 1600 °C to 1850 °C. On these materials, X-ray diffraction patterns associated with scanning electron micrographs have highlighted the influence of both the sintering temperature and the amount of yttria on the final composition, the lattice parameter and the microstructure of hafnia-based materials. In the end, it is established that, for all quantities of yttrium employed, the main phase is Y₂Hf₂O₇ with very high densification levels.     

改性水玻璃在含高岭土复杂萤石浮选中的综合应用

河北某萤石矿中萤石与石英嵌布粒度细,共生关系复杂并含有高岭土,品位低,氧化成程度高。生产中采用常规的高碱度水玻璃进行石英抑制,生产技术指标较差,严重影响企业的生存与发展。由于浮选尾矿碱度高,水玻璃等分散剂, SS含量高达5000~7000mg/L,回用时又会导致生产指标的恶化。针对上述问题,试验采用两段磨矿,中矿集中返回再磨的流程,精矿浮选流程中抑制剂改用改性水玻璃,有效的抑制了细粒石英、长石等细粒脉石矿物,同时,在改性水玻璃的综合作用下,实现了尾矿水的SS的快速沉淀,尾矿水可有效返回利用,不会对选矿指标造成影响,精矿指标实现了：CaF2品位为97.27%、SiO2品位为1. 5%、CaF2回收率为77.68%的萤石精矿产品结果,提高了精矿质量,为该选厂提供了技术支持。