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1.
The ohmic resistance in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) mainly comes from the electrolyte, which can be reduced by developing novel electrolyte materials with higher ionic conductivity and/or fabricating thin-film electrolytes. Among various kinds of thin-film fabrication technology, the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method can reduce the electrolyte thickness to a few micrometers and mitigate the issues associated with high-temperature sintering, which is necessary for wet ceramic methods. This review summarizes recent development progress in thin-film electrolytes fabricated by the PVD method, especially pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering. At first, the importance of the substrate surface morphology for the quality of the film is emphasized. After that, the fabrication of thin-film doped-zirconia and doped-ceria electrolytes is presented, then we provide a brief summary of the works on other types of electrolytes prepared by PVD. Finally, we have come to the summary and made perspectives.  相似文献   
2.
RE disilicates are good candidates as environmental/thermal barrier coating for SiCf/SiC composite in harsh gas turbine engines. We designed (Yb1?xHox)2Si2O7 solid solutions and studied mechanical properties, thermal properties, and water vapor resistance. Powders with different compositions were synthesized by pressureless sintering, and bulk samples were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Polymorphic changes with temperature and composition of the solid solutions were examined. Through doping Ho into Yb2Si2O7, water vapor corrosion resistance is significantly promoted, and thermal expansion coefficient is maintained close to that of Si-based ceramics. Compared with host disilicates, thermal conductivity of solid solutions are decreased, and mechanical properties, including Vickers hardness and fracture toughness, are increased. A two-phase domain is found at (Yb1/2Ho1/2)2Si2O7, and the γ to δ phase transition of Ho2Si2O7 is observed during SPS. Among all samples, γ-(Yb1/3Ho2/3)2Si2O7 possesses superior high temperature stability, and excellent water vapor resistance, indicating its performance as environmental/thermal barrier coating.  相似文献   
3.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(5):6266-6276
Porous diatomite ceramics with hierarchical pores and high apparent porosity (50.29–56%) were successfully fabricated via direct stereolithography. The pre-ball-milling time, dispersant type and dispersant concentration were systematically investigated to prepare diatomite pastes with high solid loading, low viscosity and a self-supporting effect. The results showed that a pre-ball-milling time of 24 h was more suitable to prepare diatomite pastes with high solid loading, and Span80 at 2 wt% was the optimal dispersant to obtain 40 vol% diatomite paste with a low viscosity and a self-supporting effect. To restrain the formation of defects, a heating rate as low as 0.2 °C/min was allowed to control the pyrolysis rate in the multistage debinding process. At sintering temperatures ranging from 900 °C to 1000 °C, porous diatomite ceramics exhibited a typical bimodal porosity, high apparent porosity and great flexural strength.  相似文献   
4.
BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.2O3-δ (BCZY) is one of the promising electrolytic candidate for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to its good proton conductivity and better stability. Herein, the effect of dual sintering aids such as CuO-Bi2O3 upon the sinterability at low temperature, improved electrochemical properties, and thermo-chemical changes about proton-conducting BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.2O3-δ electrolyte were investigated in detail. FESEM micrographs and shrinkage curves revealed significant improvement in sinterability and densifications of BCZY electrolyte. The dense pellets were sintered with CuO-Bi2O3 (2–3 mol %) as sintering aids at a temperature of 1150 °C for 5 h. The perfectly uniform distribution of sintering aids increased the linear shrinkage of BCZY from 5% till 19–21%. The crystallite size and grain growth within the structure was enhanced due to the formation of the melting phase of Bi2O3 and Cu2+ incorporation in the perovskite structure. The elevated and improved electrochemical measurement for BCZY with 2 mol% of CuO-Bi2O3 as sintering aid categorized it well suited for solid oxide fuel cells.  相似文献   
5.
The introduction of catalyst on anode of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been an effective way to alleviate the carbon deposition when utilizing biogas as the fuel. A series of La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xNixO3-δ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) oxides are synthesized by sol-gel method and used as catalysts precursors for biogas dry reforming. The phase structure of La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xNixO3-δ oxides before and after reduction are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The texture properties, carbon deposition, CH4 and CO2 conversion rate of La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xNixO3-δ catalysts are evaluated and compared. The peak power density of 739 mW cm?2 is obtained by a commercial SOFC with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.4Ni0.6O3-δ catalyst at 850 °C when using a mixture of CH4: CO2 = 2:1 as fuel. This shows a great improvement from the cell without catalyst for internal dry reforming, which is attributed to the formation of NiCo alloy active species after reduction in H2 atmosphere. The results indicate the benefits of inhibiting the carbon deposition on Ni-based anode through introducing the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.4Ni0.6O3-δ catalyst precursor. Additionally, the dry reforming technology will also help to convert part of the exhaust heat into chemical energy and improve the efficiency of SOFC system with biogas fuel.  相似文献   
6.
This study represents the results of the analysis and optimization of an integrated system for cogenerating electricity and freshwater. This setup consists of a Solid Oxide Fuel cell (SOFC) for producing electricity. Unburned fuel of the SOFC is burned in the afterburner to increase the temperature of the SOFC's outlet gasses and operate a Gas turbine (GT) to produce additional power and operate the air compressor. At the bottom of this cycle, a combined setup of a Multi-Effect Desalination (MED) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) is considered to produce freshwater from the unused heat capacity of the GT's exhaust gasses. Also, a Stirling engine is used in the fuel supply line to increase the fuel's temperature. Using LNG and the Stirling engine will replace the fuel compressor with a pump which increases the system performance and eliminates the need for the expansion valve. To study the system performance a mathematical model is developed in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) program. Then, the system's simulated data from the EES has been sent to MATLAB to promote the best operating condition based on the optimization criteria. An energetic, exergetic, economic, and environmental analysis has been performed and a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to achieve the goal. The two-objective optimization is performed to maximize the exergetic efficiency of the proposed system while minimizing the system's total cost of production. This cost is a weighted distribution of the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and Levelized Cost of freshwater (LCOW). The results showed that the exergetic and energetic efficiencies of the system can reach 73.5% and 69.06% at the optimum point. The total electricity production of the system is 99 MW. The production cost is 11.71 Cents/kWh, of which 1.04 Cents/kWh is emission-related and environmental taxes. The freshwater production rate is 42.44 kg/s which costs 4.38 USD/m3.  相似文献   
7.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(12):16877-16884
Oxygen selective membrane on the base of cermet δ-Bi2O3/Ag with an interpenetrating structure has the maximum potential efficiency of air separation. However, the degradation processes, including the phase degradation of fluorite δ-Bi2O3, do not make it possible to create a membrane with the required perfection and durability. In this work, the ordering of oxygen vacancies with the transformation of fluorite into the rhombohedral phase (S.G. R-3) was studied by powder HT XRD in situ at 600 °C on dense Bi0.78Er0.2Hf0.02O1.51 ceramics. Fast regeneration of disordered fluorite occurs at T = 640–700 °C. The phase degradation of fluorite due to the segregation of dopants at the second stage leads into stable phases - sillenite, tetragonal or rhombohedral phase (S.G. R-3m), depending on the composition of δ-Bi2O3. Fast regeneration of fluorite occurs when heated to 820 °C, which is unacceptable for membranes. Analysis of all available data allows us to propose approaches to optimize the composition of δ-Bi2O3 and technical solutions for creating durable oxygen selective membranes with promising use in distributed multigeneration. As a result of the analysis, a new solid electrolyte with better parameters was obtained.  相似文献   
8.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(2):1560-1566
The development of highly stable and efficient oxide-based red phosphors is urgently required for next-generation lighting devices. Herein, we report the micro/crystal structures and luminescent properties of single-phase Eu2(WO4)3 and Eu3+-doped WO3-Eu2(WO4)3 composite phosphors prepared by a one-step conventional solid-state reaction method in air atmosphere. As increasing Eu contents in the mixtures of WO3 and Eu2O3, the intensities of the X-ray diffraction peaks of Eu2(WO4)3 increased while that of WO3 decreased. The photoluminescence intensity of the synthesized phosphors increased with increase in the Eu content when calcined at 900 °C, while it degraded at a higher temperature. Red-emitting single-phase Eu2(WO4)3 powders were successfully obtained when the WO3 and Eu2O3 powders were calcined in the ratio of 3:1. The intensity of the red emission spectra of the Eu2(WO4)3 phosphor was higher than those of the 6, 12, and 24 at.% Eu-added WO3 composites at excitation wavelengths of 394 and 465 nm. On the other hand, the intensity of emission from the single-phase phosphor was lower than that of the Eu-doped WO3-Eu2(WO4)3 composites under excitation of UV light at 254 nm. Thus, we propose two prospective phosphors for application as red phosphors at various wavelengths.  相似文献   
9.
The state-of-the-art protonic ceramic conductor BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ (BZY20) requires an extremely high sintering temperature (≥1700 °C) to achieve the desired relative density and microstructure necessary to function as a proton conducting electrolyte. In this work, we developed a cold sintering pretreatment assisted moderate-temperature sintering method for the fabrication of high-quality pure BZY20 pellets. BZY20 pellets with high relative density of ~94% were fabricated with a final sintering temperature of 1500 °C (200 °C lower than the traditional sintering temperature). A comparison with BZY20 control samples indicated that the proper amount of BaCO3 introduced on the BZY20 particle surface and the high green density achieved by cold sintering pretreatment were the main drivers for lowering the sintering temperature. The electrical conductivity measurement by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the as-prepared BZY20 pellets have a proton conductivity comparable to the state-of-the-art values. The cold sintering pretreatment outlined in this work has the potential to lower the sintering temperatures for similar types of protonic ceramic materials under consideration for a wide range of energy conversion and storage applications.  相似文献   
10.
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