Directional separation of hydrogen-containing gas mixture by hydrate-membrane coupling method

Recovery of hydrogen (H₂) from H₂-containing gas mixtures has great significance for energy conservation, cost reduction and benefit increase. However, the common separation methods have the ubiquitous problem due to phase equilibrium principle and results in the conflict between H₂ concentration and H₂ recovery rate in the product gas. Consequently, an innovative conception of hydrate-membrane coupling approach is proposed in this work. In the separation process, hydration and membrane permeation two separation driving forces coexist to achieve the aim of strengthening mass transfer kinetics. H₂ and non-H₂ components (hydrocarbons) are synchronously and directionally selected by membrane and hydrate to improve different phase compositions. Therefore, the gas in feed side could keep relatively high two separation driving forces (H₂ fugacity and hydrocarbons fugacity). The results show that the coupling method could synchronously increase both the concentration and the recovery rate of H₂ in the product gas. At the same time, the volume and concentration of the hydrocarbons in hydrate both increases effectively. It indicates that hydrate and membrane separation methods support each other in the separation process. The hydrate-membrane coupling method fundamentally solves the issue of the decreasing driving force resulting from single separation method and phase equilibrium relationship.     

不同品种谷子营养成分及功能活性成分差异化分析

对比研究了10个品种谷子营养及功能活性成分。以10个代表性谷子品种籽粒为原料,检测分析了淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪等营养组分,及多酚、黄酮、低聚糖等功能活性成分的含量。结果表明:不同品种谷子,营养成分及功能活性成分的含量差异不同,且功能性成分含量品种间差异较大。不同品种间谷子粗淀粉变异系数为5%,含量较为稳定;粗脂肪的变异系数为17.55%,品种之间差异显著(P0.05);粗蛋白的变异系数为7%,品种之间差异显著(P0.05);总黄酮变异系数最大,为51%,含量范围为0.55~2.01 mg/g;总多酚含量变异系数为25%,含量范围为0.65~1.41 mg/g;低聚糖含量品种间差异也较大。对选育优良品种谷子,及开发谷子相关食品和保健品具有指导意义。     

益生菌发酵对红枣汁抗氧化活性、营养品质及香气的影响

选取6种商业益生菌分别对红枣汁进行发酵，研究其对红枣汁的抗氧化活性、理化指标及香气的影响。结果表明，益生菌发酵可显著提高红枣汁的抗氧化能力，果321复合菌发酵枣汁的DPPH自由基清除能力最强，为573.83 mg/L，而植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）发酵枣汁的ABTS自由基清除能力最强，为1 034.00 mg/L，瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）发酵枣汁的铁离子还原力（FRAP）值最高，为1 366.34 mg/L。瑞士乳杆菌的产酸性能较好，发酵后产乳酸量约0.45 mg/L，总多酚和总黄酮含量分别较红枣汁提高了2.94%和2.85%。电子鼻分析结果表明，益生菌发酵可显著改变红枣汁的香气成分，且线性判别分析（LDA）对红枣汁香气物质的区分和识别效果优于主成分分析（PCA），发酵红枣汁的特征风味主要来源于硫化物、萜烯类、广谱甲基类、氮氧化物、乙醇和芳香型化合物。     

含铅固废协同冶炼过程PbO-CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-ZnO五元渣系相平衡研究

在1 000~1 250 ℃范围内,采用高温平衡-淬冷-EDS方法研究了含铅固废协同冶炼过程PbO-CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃-ZnO五元渣系在空气气氛下的相平衡规律。研究结果表明,渣中存在的主要物相有尖晶石(Zn_xFe_3-yO_4+z)、红锌矿(ZnO)、黄长石(Pb_vCa_2-vZn_wSi₂O₇)、赤铁矿(Fe₂O₃)、磁铁铅矿(PbFe₁₀O₁₆)和硅钙石(Ca_2-tPb_tSiO₄)。在1 250 ℃、1 200 ℃、1 170 ℃、1 130 ℃和1 100 ℃下,PbO-CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃-ZnO体系的液相点分布测试结果与MTDATA6.0软件模拟液相线基本吻合。在1 000~1 250 ℃范围内,随着结晶过程的进行,PbO-CaO-SiO₂-Fe₂O₃-ZnO体系液相成分中Fe₂O₃含量从16.83%减少到7.67%,ZnO含量从7.62%减少到2.98%,(PbO+CaO+SiO₂)含量从75.55%增加到89.36%。     

我国北方 3 种主要养殖模式刺参的营养组成与功能性成分差异研究

目的探究我国北方主要刺参产区3种不同养殖模式刺参营养组成与功能性成分的差异。方法从山东和辽宁采集底播养殖、围堰养殖和池塘养殖3种不同养殖模式共75个刺参样品,依据国家标准中的方法,比较分析刺参体壁中营养成分(灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸)和功能性成分(胶原蛋白、刺身多糖和刺身皂苷)的含量。结果 3种养殖模式刺参体壁中的灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、氨基酸(包括氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸等)、不饱和脂肪酸总量、刺身多糖、刺身皂苷等含量均无显著差异。底播养殖模式刺参的甘氨酸、胶原蛋白、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)含量含量显著高于池塘养殖模式,围堰养殖刺参的含量位于中间水平;池塘养殖模式刺参的饱和脂肪酸含量最高,显著高于底播养殖模式,K、Na、Mg、Ca和P含量显著高于围堰养殖模式,而V含量显著低于围堰养殖模式,底播养殖刺参位于中间水平。结论 3种不同养殖模式刺参的营养成分组成存在一定差异。研究结果为促进和完善刺身营养及品质评价体系建设提供数据支持。     

Detection of fresh palm oil adulteration with recycled cooking oil using fatty acid composition and FTIR spectral analysis

There is a growing concern over the food safety issue related to increased incidence of cooking oil adulteration with recycled cooking oil (RCO). The objective of this study was to detect fresh palm olein (FPO) adulteration with RCO using fatty acid composition (FAC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral analyses combined with chemometrics. RCO prepared in the laboratory was mixed with FPO in the proportion ranged from 1% to 50% (v/v) to obtain the adulterated oil samples (AO). FACs for FPO, RCO, and AO were determined using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The compositions of most fatty acids in RCO lied within the normal ranges of Codex standard, except for C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C15:0, trans C18:1, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), C20:5. PUFAs showed a consistent decreasing trend with increasing magnitude of change with respect to increasing adulteration level and thus might be a good indicator for detecting FPO adulteration with RCO. The evaluation parameters (coefficient of determination, root mean standard error) of the FTIR-partial least square (PLS) model of palm oil adulteration with recycled oil are R² = 0.995 and 3.25, respectively. For FTIR spectral analysis, the distinct variations in spectral regions and aberrations in characteristic bands between FPO and RCO were observed. The optimized PLS calibration model developed from normal spectral of the combined region at 3602–3398, 3016–2642, and 1845–650 cm^?1 overpredict the adulteration level. On the other hand, the discriminant analysis classification model was able to classify the FPO and AO into two distinct groups. Improvement of the principles of combined techniques in authenticating AO from fresh oil is beneficial as a guideline to detect adulteration in cooking oil.     

提高湖南某高钙型白钨矿选矿指标的试验研究

湖南某低品位钨矿石,WO3含量为0.33%,Ca CO3含量为6.06%,Ca F2含量为24.35%。由于含钙脉石矿物与白钨矿的可浮性相近,导致白钨常温粗选作业钨粗精矿品位较低,生产操作稳定性差,选矿指标波动大。通过实验室小型试验和生产工业试验,对原有选矿工艺流程和药剂制度进行了优化,确定了适宜该矿石的最佳浮选工艺参数条件。通过工艺流程改造后,工业试验中的钨粗精矿品位由1.87%提高到5.88%,作业回收率由67%提高到75%的良好选矿指标,经济效益显著。     

碱侵蚀红土的工程指标与受损物质的关系探析

 常用加固材料中的碱性物质与红土中的酸性或两性氧化物发生互损侵蚀。基于材料的化学分析和加速寿命试验原理,设计红土的碱侵蚀试验。检测红土被侵蚀前后渗透液中有效离子含量的变化,以代表红土中相关物质的受损情况;对比试验红土被侵蚀前后主要的工程指标,以代表红土的工程品质劣化情况;分析并建立两者之间的关系。采用多元逐步回归分析法,量化研究碱侵蚀红土中,各项工程指标与受损化学物质之间的相关性;并依据建立的关系式,进一步探讨有效离子对红土工程性质的影响。结果表明：在碱侵蚀红土中,主要工程指标的变化均与化学物质的受损存在着显著的量化关系。分晰碱性物质对红土的侵蚀劣化机制,并可据此分析红土工程的劣化速度与趋势。     

UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap HRMS法结合特征裂解途径分析鉴定薄荷水提物中4种类群化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱-串联静电轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap HRMS)法对薄荷水提物中4种类群化学成分进行分析鉴定。选取Acquity UPLC~BEH C18色谱柱(2.1mm×100mm×1.7μm),以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,流速0.30mL/min,梯度洗脱分析。根据高分辨质谱提供的准分子离子峰和碎片离子信息,获取目标化合物的相对分子质量和结构信息,并结合保留时间、对照品分析、参考文献数据和ClogP值等相关信息,鉴定了85种化学成分,包括38种黄酮、16种酚酸、7种苯丙素和24种萜类。结果表明,采用UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap HRMS技术能够提高中药化学成分的分析效率,该方法可为合理开发薄荷的药用和食用价值奠定化学基础。