Evolution of core–rim structures and phase transformations in infra-red transmitting Y-α-SiAlON ceramics

Core–rim structures were observed as common features in Y-α-SiAlON ceramics hot-pressed between 1550?1950 °C. We found most dopants were taken into α’-rims, and a transition layer grown first on α-cores from liquid-phase over-saturated with metal solutes. Elongated β’-grain were formed as minor phase with α’- or AlN-cores thus only after the α’ matrix had consumed up all Y solutes, revealing that the α’ → β’ transformation is controlled by the transient liquid-phase and similar defects and dangling bonds could be detected in both SiAlON phases by cathodoluminescence. Quantitative assessment of Y_m/3Si_12?(m+n)Al_m+nO_nN_16?n demonstrates the multiphase evolution, initiated by over-saturation of Y solutes at low temperatures thus retaining α-phase as cores to lower the infra-red transmittance, dictated by homogenization of Al solutes at higher temperature. The elimination of those phase boundaries leads to better dopant and sintering design for achieving transparent and high-performance SiAlON ceramics.     

新时代呼唤新的建筑美学──就当下建筑、空间环境问题访中国后现代研究所所长李正天

世界是一个立体的太极球，以美国为代表的西方文明是一种阳性文明，加州则是阳性文明的阴点；以中国为代表的东方文明是一种阴性文明，广东则是阴性文明的阳点，两大文明相互激活，相互补充，定能够造就一种全新的文明。     

基坑支护桩结构的圈梁效应分析

根据空间杆系有限元方法，建立了排桩支护结构的空间模型，分析了圈梁的轴力效应、边长效应和刚度效应。     

带油环底水凝析气藏开发方式优化及均衡开采对策——以东海盆地西湖坳陷CX北区块为例

东海盆地西湖坳陷CX北区块H3b、H3c油气藏为海上带油环底水凝析气藏,采用油气同采且初期优先采油的开发方式共设计了4口水平井,水平段位于油气界面以下的油环上部。为了尽快回收投资,该气藏在开发初期采用较高速度开采,油气井生产动态开始出现产量递减加快、气油比快速上升、含水率快速上升等现象,表明气顶和油环开采出现不均衡状态,而且位于油环下部的井已开始出现底水锥进。为此,基于该区块油气藏地层油气流体相态特征,同时结合油气井生产动态特征,分析反凝析、气顶气下窜、底水上升锥进等因素对该油气藏开发动态的影响,进而提出对策:(1)利用气顶气和油环油溶解气的弹性能量以及边底水天然水驱方式来开采油气藏,并合理控制采油采气速度,尽可能地实现油气藏的均衡开采;(2)由于过早打破了油气井的均衡开采状态,导致了气顶气过早下窜和边底水过早侵入,需要通过实时调整采油气速度来平衡开采状态,从而使得油气藏气油比和含水率得到有效控制。实施结果表明:上述对策的成功应用,确保了凝析气藏进入了稳定均衡的开发状态。     

基于有限元分析技术的等强度轮辋设计研究

等强度(变截面)轮辋是国际钢轮行业的先进技术之一。采用有限元分析方法研究了等强度轮辋结构参数变化对轮辋应力水平的影响,以在相同条件下,轮辋等效应力总体水平低且波动小为目标,实现了基于CAE分析技术的车轮等强度轮辋设计方案优选,对等强度轮辋的合理设计具有一定指导作用。     

大气顶窄油环油藏屏障注水开发技术适应性研究——以渤海锦州25-1南油田Es3-I油藏为例

气顶油藏作为一类较为复杂的油气藏类型,在开发中遇到的最主要问题就是气顶气锥进,造成油井气窜,严重影响油井产能。以渤海锦州25-1南油田Es3-I油藏为研究对象,应用数值模拟方法对屏障注水技术开发大气顶窄油环油藏的对策机理进行了系统论证,并分析了对该类油藏实施屏障注水的技术可行性以及合理屏障注水比例、注水时机等开发参数。结果表明:与衰竭开发脑及常规注水开发方式相比,屏障注水开发能显著提高此类油藏的采收率。     

Design and testing of an innovative measurement device for tyre-road contact forces

The measurement of tyre-road contact forces is the first step towards the development of new control systems for improving vehicle safety and performances. Tyre-road contact forces measurement systems are very expensive and significantly modify the unsprung masses of the vehicle as well as the rotational inertia of the tyres. Thus, vehicle dynamics results are significantly affected. As a consequence, the measured contact forces do not correspond to the contact forces under real working conditions. A new low-cost tyre-road contact forces measurement system is proposed in this paper that can be applied to passenger cars. Its working principle is based on the measurement of three deformations of the wheel rim through strain gauges. The tyre-rim assembly is thus turned into a sensor for tyre-road contact forces. The influence of the strain gauges position onto the measurement results has been assessed through finite element simulations and experimental tests. It has been proven that, for a large variety of rims, the strain gauge position that leads to high signal-to-noise ratios is almost the same. A dynamic calibration procedure has been developed in order to allow the reconstruction of contact force and torque components once per wheel turn. The capability of the developed device to correctly estimate tyre-road contact forces has been assessed, in a first stage, through indoor laboratory experimental test on an MTS Flat-Trac^® testing machine. Results show that the implemented measuring system allows to reconstruct contact forces once per wheel turn with a precision that is comparable to that of existing high-cost measurement systems. Subsequently, outdoor tests with a vehicle having all four wheels equipped with the developed measuring device have also been performed. Reliability of the measurements provided by the developed sensor has been assessed by comparing the global measured longitudinal/lateral forces and the product of the measured longitudinal/lateral accelerations times the vehicle mass. A good agreement has been found during all the performed manoeuvres.     

汽车钢圈疲劳寿命的有限元分析

钢圈是位于轮胎和车轿之间承受负荷的旋转部件,其作用是安装轮胎,承受轮胎与车轿之间各种作用力和力矩,对汽车行驶的安全性、稳定性、平顺性和牵引性均起着重要的作用。基于名义应力法的分析过程及有限元分析软件,探讨了钢圈弯曲工况下结构强度及疲劳寿命预估的方法。通过理论计算、实际使用情况及弯曲疲劳试验的结果验证了所提方法的正确性,所提方法可在产品设计阶段就预测设计产品的使用寿命及结构特点,为钢圈的设计及优化提供依据。     

13×4.50B车轮轮辋辊压成形工艺关键技术及数值模拟

针对13×4.50B车轮轮辋的结构特点,利用有限元软件ABAQUS/Explicit对车轮轮辋辊压成形工艺及关键工艺参数进行数值分析,并进行试验验证。模拟分析了轮辋辊压工艺中的辊压成形次数n、变形系数M、轮辋标定直径D和轮辋标定宽度A等参数对辊压成形的影响;介绍了车轮轮辋关键尺寸的计算方法;通过模拟分析得到了轮辋的扩口应力和厚度关系云图、第一至第三辊压应力和厚度云图,并进行辊压过程准静态分析等。模拟结果表明:变形系数M为关键工艺参数,标定宽度尺寸A和轮辋标定直径D在各道次中基本保持一致,D的扩张余量为1%较合理,试验结果与模拟结果相符合。     

浮升力对盘缘篦齿封严性能的影响

基于Boussinesq近似,对准三维盘缘篦齿进行数值模拟,求解温度场和速度场,研究次流通道流体的流动和换热特性,分析浮升力对盘缘篦齿封严性能的影响。结果表明：重力场引起的浮升力对封严效果基本无影响,而离心浮升力对旋转件附面层流体有一个径向的驱动作用,使得次流通道流动阻力增大,篦齿封严性能变好;在有热边界的情况下,离心浮升力对泄漏系数的影响与次流格拉晓夫数有关;随着壁温和转速的增加,离心浮升力对于提高封严篦齿性能的作用增大;随着轴向间隙的增大,泄漏系数增大,且离心浮升力降低篦齿泄漏系数的作用随轴向间隙的增大而减小。