Assessment of the environmental quality of two urbanized lotic systems using multiple indicators

Urbanization impacts ecosystems through loss and fragmentation of habitat, loss of diversity, increase in runoff, and contaminant discharges, and the invasion of exotic species. Potrero de los Funes Village (San Luis, Argentina) is experiencing not only a population increase during summer months due to tourism but also an accelerated growth of its permanent population. In order to evaluate the potential effects of urbanization, the environmental quality of Potrero de los Funes River and Las Chacras Stream was assessed, using physical–chemical and biological indicators. Macroinvertebrates, through the application of the Biotic Index for San Luis Sierras (BISLS), anuran amphibian richness and relative abundance, and riparian vegetation were used as bioindicators. While the Simplified Index of Water Quality (SIWQ) was used to characterize the physical–chemical quality of water at each site. SIWQ and BISLS scores were significantly different between sites (F_7,28 = 9.88, p < .001 and F_7,28 = 24.18, p < .001, respectively). SIWQ was significantly correlated with BISLS (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.8, p < .001). Four anuran species were registered along Potrero River, with no significant differences in the intensity of vocalizations between sites. No species were detected in Las Chacras Stream. Average total plant species richness, exotic plants richness, and vegetation cover were higher at the most impaired system, Las Chacras Stream. The principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components (PCs) explained 76.3% of the total variance. PC1, with strong loadings of SIWQ, BISLS, and amphibian richness, was principally driven by chemical water quality and biological conditions. PC2 was mainly determined by plant richness. The chemical and biological water quality of Potrero and Las Chacras is somewhat impaired, being the upper Las Chacras Stream the most compromised area. This study provides information that will certainly be used to manage future impacts of urbanization on aquatic resources.     

提升市民素质:新型城镇化的应有之义

新型城镇化的发展与实现在很大程度上都取决于人的素质的提高。新型城镇化步伐不断推进,但市民在心理素质、思想道德素质、专业技能素质、法律素质等方面存在可提升的空间。因此,要高度重视新型城镇化进程中人的素质问题,统筹协作,积极寻求其提升的有效路径。     

新型城镇化下欠发达地区传统文化保护研究——以张家口市段家堡村为例

新型城镇化背景下欠发达地区传统文化保护的关键取决于其能否在保护文化资本和环境资本的基础上,实现经济资本的提升、文化价值观念及生活方式的转变.通过对张家口市下花园区段家堡村传统文化的调查研究,提出转变观念,主动保护、挖掘和丰富欠发达地区传统文化特色,提升旅游开发优势,带动地区经济发展,实现新型城镇化的同时更好地保护传统文化.     

城市化进程中人口城市化与房地产业发展的互动关系研究——基于省际面板数据的经验证据

基于城市化与房地产业相关理论,回顾了以往文献对于城市化与房地产业发展关系的研究,在此基础上,利用我国31个省市1997—2011年的面板数据对城市化与房地产业发展做了多元回归分析。结果显示：城市化对房地产业有明显的促进作用,而房地产业在一定程度上也带动了城市化的发展。根据当前我国具体情况分析了导致这种现象的原因,并提出了促使两者协调可持续发展的政策建议。     

工业、旅游业与城镇发展关系的实证分析

以河南省2001—2012年城镇化率、工业化率和旅游发展水平的时间序列数据为基础,运用面板数据的单位根检验和回归分析,拟合得出了河南省工业发展率、旅游发展规模和城镇化发展之间长期稳定均衡关系的模型,然后通过协整检验,得出了样本短期关系的误差修正模型,从而得出结论：工业化发展对城镇化发展有显著推动作用;旅游业发展虽然对城镇化发展作用并不如城镇化突出,但其处于呈跨越发展阶段,其推动作用不容忽视。     

新型城镇化语境下的阿拉善地毯传统技艺探析

目的研究阿拉善地毯传统技艺传承与保护现状。方法通过田野调查个案并结合民俗学、艺术学的理论对阿拉善地毯进行探析。结论了解新型城镇化进程中该项技艺的生存情况,考察它的传承与保护现状,审视它面临的困境与机遇,分析并探究它的传承与保护对策是极具理论价值与现实意义的。     

在城市化进程中漫谈城建与环境问题

本文从介绍“自然回归论”和“城市化威胁论”引述到重视解决好城市化进程中出现的环境问题的重要性及其所涉及的方方面面的问题。     

基于DMSP/OLS影像的城市化水平遥感估算方法

提出了一种利用DMSP/OLS夜间稳定灯光影像定量估算区域城市化水平的方法。首先,从美国国防气象卫星计划的线性扫描业务系统(Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System,DM-SP/OLS)获取的夜间稳定灯光数据中提取了夜间灯光综合指数(Night Light Compositive Index,NLCI)。然后建立了基于社会经济统计数据的城市化水平指数(Urbanization Level Index,ULI)与NLCI间的统计学模型,并据此对中国大陆地区级尺度的城市化水平进行了估算。结果表明,ULI与NLCI间存在明显的线性关系,NLCI能较好地反映城市化水平,根据该模型得到的其他年份ULI估算值与基于统计数据的ULI实际值具有较强的一致性,故模型具有一定的可靠性和普适性。本文的创新之处在于对前人提出的NLCI公式进行了改进,并提出了公式中最优参数的搜寻算法。     

The Nile Basin in a Global Perspective

Abstract

The Nile brings virtually no water to the sea. The mighty basin with 1/10 of Africa's land area and 1/3 of its population, has only 1/16 of its water. The riparian countries use practically all of the Nile's water and they face increasing challenges in terms of environmental degradation, food security, and socioeconomic development. The geopolitical situation blocks the integrated development of water resources in the basin scale, yet the political environment may be improving. The Nile basin is among the most critical regions of the world in terms of water resources development. In this article, the trends of the major driving forces within the basin countries—population, urbanization, climate, agriculture, economy, human resources, and governance—are scrutinized from the viewpoint of their impacts on water resources and their management. A comparison is made to four other critical macroregions: China, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and West Africa.     

城镇化进程中失地农民社会保障问题与对策

近几年来我国农村城镇化发展有了明显成效,但社会保障问题一直困扰着失地农民。征地制度不完善、社会保障水平发展不平衡,以及户籍制度的不完善是失地农民社会保障存在障碍的主要原因,因此应该进一步完善耕地制度、社会保障制度、失地农民的再就业机制,以及加强户籍政策建设。