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1.
Knowledge of the viscosity of virgin olive oils (VOOs) is of great importance for the design of pilot plants, to determine the time required for the settling of particles at the end of the production chain and from a sensory view point. The dynamic viscosities of French VOOs from four different cultivars (‘Aglandau’, ‘Bouteillan’, ‘Salonenque’ and ‘Tanche’) were studied as a function of their fatty acid and TAG compositions and of the temperature [10–50°C]. These four VOOs had different TAG and fatty acid compositions representative of the range of compositional variations in the main French oils. Their viscosities were similar, although small but measurable differences that depended on their compositions were apparent. All the VOO samples exhibited the same dynamic viscosity pattern over temperature. For a given temperature, the viscosity difference was the greatest between Aglandau and Salonenque oils, Aglandau being the oil with the highest viscosity. The correlation between temperature and viscosity was highlighted by an Arrhenius model for this Newtonian fluid. The Arrhenius activation energy was correlated (R2 = 0.993) with the percentage of triolein, the main TAG in olive oil.  相似文献   
2.
Non‐digestible carbohydrate fraction (NDCF) consists of a range of bioactive compounds that escape digestion in the small intestine. NDCF is mainly composed of dietary fibre (DF) and non‐digestible oligosaccharides (NDO). The objective of this work was to analyse directly and compare the NDCF in two Brazilian cultivars of soybean seed with commercial flour. Brazil is the second major soybean producer in the world. The seed cultivars showed on average a NDCF value of 32.80 g per 100 g dry weight (dw). Regarding DF, insoluble DF (IDF) was the main fraction amounting on average to 98%. Uronic acids were significantly higher than neutral sugar (NS) in IDF and soluble DF (SDF) fractions. There was a considerable amount of Klason lignin – on average 84.14% of DF. Regarding NS profile, mannose was the most important sugar in SDF, whereas galactose and arabinose were predominant in IDF. Stachyose was the main oligosaccharide in NDO. DF and NDO were in the same proportion (94.2:5.8) in tested cultivars. No differences in swelling, water retention, or oil retention capacities between seed cultivars were detected. This study on non‐digestible carbohydrate components in soybean seed gives a different approach to the current nutritional knowledge on protein and oil constituents.  相似文献   
3.
To characterise the composition of sulphur-containing constituents in Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler), GC–MS and HPLC analyses were carried out, using 12 varieties of Chinese origin, 4 varieties of Japanese origin and 6 commercially available cultivars. Five disulphides (dimethyl, allyl methyl, methyl 1-(E)-propenyl, diallyl, and allyl 1-(E)-propenyl), two trisulphides (dimethyl and allyl methyl), and two vinyldithiins (3-vinyl-[4H]-1,2- and 2-vinyl-[4H]-1,3-) were identified on the basis of their mass spectral and GC-retention data. Among the detected sulphur compounds, sulphides with a methyl group predominated over those with an allyl group. This was supported by the HPLC estimations, suggesting that all cultivars examined had much greater amounts of methiin than alliin. Also, two novel compounds were tentatively identified as [3H,4H]-1,2-dithiin and [2H,4H]-1,3-dithiin on the basis of their mass spectral features, GC-retention data, and some experimental results on their formation in reaction mixtures with different proportions of methiin and alliin. Their formation mechanism was proposed.  相似文献   
4.
Volatile sulphur compounds composition of monovarietal white wines   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The sulphur compounds composition of wines produced experimentally from six white cultivars (Alvarinho, Loureiro, Trajadura, Pedernã, Azal Branco and Avesso) was evaluated during two consecutive vintages. Results show that wines could be differentiated according to their sulphur compounds content. In general, Loureiro, Trajadura and Pedernã cultivars led to wines with low concentrations of sulphur compounds; however, Loureiro wines were characterised by significant amounts of dimethyl sulphone, whereas Trajadura wines possessed a high content of 3-(methylthio)propyl acetate and 4-(methylthio)-1-butanol. Alvarinho and Avesso wines showed high levels of S-methyl thioacetate, 3-mercapto-1-propanol, 3-(ethylthio)-1-propanol and 3-methylthiopropionic acid. Significant amounts of 2-methyltetrahydrothiophen-3-one, cis- and trans-2-methyltetrahydrothiophen-3-ol were also found in Avesso wines. Azal Branco wines were low in 3-(methylthio)propyl acetate and 2-(methylthio)ethanol, and high contents in S-methyl thioacetate, 3-mercapto-1-propanol and 2-mercaptoethanol. A linear discriminant analysis of sulphur compounds levels showed a differentiation of wines according to their varietal origin.  相似文献   
5.
6.
The distribution of cadmium-(Cd)-binding components from five flaxseed cultivars grown at three locations in southern Manitoba was investigated to examine genotypic and environmental effects. Three protein fractions with different electrostatic properties, eluting at 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50 M NaCl by ion-exchange chromatography DEAE-Sephacel, represented 12%, 66% and 7% of the bound (extracted) protein, respectively, while 15% of the protein remained unbound. Cadmium and other divalent metal (zinc, copper and calcium) contents of protein fractions were strongly influenced by location. Cultivar differences in protein and cadmium contents of the protein fractions were highly significant. Cadmium and zinc accumulated similarly in the 0.10 and 0.25 M protein fractions at 51% and 40–43%, respectively. Transfer of copper occurred prominently in the 0.50 M fraction while most of the calcium (55%) remained unbound. The distribution of cadmium, zinc, copper and calcium in fractions of flaxseed proteins was strongly influenced by cultivar and location, indicating differences in their accumulation, migration and transfer.  相似文献   
7.
White bean seeds were subjected to soaking in distilled water for 1, 2 and 3 days. In order to perform complete processing, the seeds were cooked until soft. Effects of soaking and/or cooking of white bean seeds on antinutritional factors, mineral contents and HCl-extractability were studied. Phytic acid and polyphenol contents of all cultivars were reduced. Soaking alone and soaking, followed by cooking, reduced mineral contents of the cultivars, but HCl-extractability was significantly (P ? 0.01) improved to varying extents, depending on cultivar type. Soaking and/or cooking treatment was thus found to be an effective technique and caused further improvement in the availability of both major and trace minerals in white bean.  相似文献   
8.
The effects of processing treatments (heat, sucrose addition) on the sensory quality of blackcurrant juices prepared from two genetically diverse cultivars (Ben Lomond and Ben Alder) were examined using sensory profiling. Sucrose level had the largest effect on the sensory profile, with heating and cultivar having smaller but still significant effects. Some interaction between sucrose level and heating of the juices was observed in the sensory profile. The results indicate that selection of preferred genotypes remains an important breeding objective in blackcurrant improvement programmes, since the sensory attributes associated with genotype persist, despite processing effects, in the extracted juice.  相似文献   
9.
生态条件对不同烤烟品种烟叶产质量的影响   总被引:76,自引:1,他引:75  
对云南省推广种植的 6个主要品种进行了不同生态条件的对比试验。结果表明 :生态条件对烟株田间长相长势、烟叶的产量和产值、化学成分、致香物质含量和烟叶评吸质量的影响大于品种造成的影响。因此 ,烤烟品种的合理布局是生产优质烟叶的关键措施之一。  相似文献   
10.
The phosphorus (P) uptake and use efficiency in relation to N2 fixation and growth of three provenances of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) two cultivars of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) and one ofL. diversifolia, all inoculated withRhizobium, were determined at five levels of P application. Increasing the P application rate resulted in a 33% increase in dry matter and total N ofL. diversifolia and an 18% dry matter increase of gliricidia provenance 13/84 over the control without P. Leucaena K8, which did not respond to P application, yielded as well with low P asL. diversifolia at the high P indicating the lower P requirement of cultivar K8. Leucaena cultivar Singapore did not yield well at either low or high P. Correlation analyses showed that differences between species and cultivars/provenances for P uptake per plant were largely related to differences in shoot growth rate and the distribution of P between roots and tops. P use efficiency was not related to dry-matter production. Genetic control of P and dry matter distribution of is probably more important than P availability in the growth media for gliricidia and leucaena provenances or cultivars. Increasing the P application rate significantly increased the number and mass of nodules in leucaena cultivars and gliricidia provenances. Significant increases in the proportion of N derived from atmospheric N2 (% Ndfa) due to low P application (20 mg P kg–1 soil) were observed within leucaena but not for gliricidia provenances. No significant increases in % Ndfa occurred with higher P application rates suggesting that symbiotic N2 fixationper se is stimulated only with low rates of P.  相似文献   
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