白厚漆中挥发性有机物的吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱分析方法研究

采用吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱法(PT/GC-MS)建立了白厚漆中挥发性有机物的快速分析方法。在优化吹扫捕集和气相色谱-质谱参数的基础上,在白厚漆中共鉴别出34个挥发性有机物成分。该方法简便、快捷、灵敏,适用于白厚漆中挥发性有机物的分析,并为白厚漆对水质和环境的影响研究提供理论依据。     

Desiccant wheels as gas-phase absorption (GPA) air cleaners: evaluation by PTR-MS and sensory assessment

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the use of the co-sorption effect of a desiccant wheel for improving indoor air quality. One experiment was conducted in a climate chamber to investigate the co-sorption effect of a desiccant wheel on the chemical removal of indoor air pollutants; another experiment was conducted in an office room to investigate the resulting effect on perceived air quality. A dehumidifier with a silica-gel desiccant wheel was installed in the ventilation system of the test chamber and office room to treat the recirculation airflow. Human subjects, flooring materials and four pure chemicals (formaldehyde, ethanol, toluene and 1,2-dichloroethane) were used as air pollution sources. Proton-Transfer-Reaction--Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and sensory subjects were used to characterize the effectiveness of chemical and sensory pollution removal of the desiccant wheel. The experiments revealed that all the measured VOCs were removed effectively by the desiccant wheel with an average efficiency of 94% or higher; more than 80% of the sensory pollution load was removed and the percentage dissatisfied with the air quality decreased from 70% to 20%. These results indicate that incorporating a regenerative desiccant wheel in a ventilation system is an efficient way of removing indoor VOCs. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study may lead to the development of new air cleaners and validates a new concept for the design of ventilation systems that can improve indoor air quality and reduce energy consumption.     

Level and source of 129I of environmental samples in Xi'an region, China

Iodine-129 is widely used as a tracer in various environmental practices such as monitoring of nuclear environmental safety, seawater exchange and transport, geochemical cycle of stable iodine and dating of geological events. The spatial distribution of ¹²⁹I concentration varies significantly on global scale because of anthropogenic input from nuclear activities coupled with scarcity of data on environmental ¹²⁹I variability in many parts of the world including Asia. Here we report new data on ¹²⁹I and ¹²⁷I concentrations in soil, vegetation, river water and precipitation collected from Xi'an area, China. The results indicate values for environmental ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I ratios in the investigated area range from 1.1 × 10^− 10 to 43.5 × 10^− 10 with a mean of 20.6 × 10^− 10, which is 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than the ratios observed in Europe, but comparable with those observed in the locations far from direct effect of point release sources and at similar latitude. The main source of ¹²⁹I in the investigated area is attributed to the global fallout of both atmospheric nuclear weapons testing and long distance dispersion of fuel reprocessing releases.     

Anthropogenic I in the atmosphere: Overview over major sources, transport processes and deposition pattern

Wet and, to a lesser extent, dry deposition of atmospheric ¹²⁹I are known to represent the dominating processes responsible for ¹²⁹I in continental environmental samples that are remote from ¹²⁹I sources and not directly influenced by any liquid ¹²⁹I release of nuclear installations. Up to now, however, little is known about the major emitters and the related global deposition pattern of ¹²⁹I.In this work an overview over major sources of ¹²⁹I is given, and hitherto unknown time-dependent releases from these were estimated. Total gaseous ¹²⁹I releases from the US and former Soviet reprocessing facilities Hanford, Savannah River, Mayak, Seversk and Zheleznogorsk were found to have been 0.53, 0.27, 1.05, 0.23 and 0.14 TBq, respectively. These facilities were thus identified as major airborne ¹²⁹I emitters.The global deposition pattern due to the ¹²⁹I released, depending on geographic latitude and longitude, and on time was studied using a box model describing the global atmospheric transport and deposition of ¹²⁹I. The model predictions are compared to ¹²⁹I concentrations measured by means of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) in water samples that were collected from various lakes in Asia, Africa, America and New Zealand, and to published values.As a result, both pattern and temporal evolution of ¹²⁹I deposition values measured in and calculated for different types of environmental samples are, in general, in good agreement. This supports our estimate on atmospheric ¹²⁹I releases and the considered substantial transport and deposition mechanisms in our model calculations.     

Investigation of alkali induced corrosion of SiC filter candles at high temperature,in gasification environment

The corrosion of silicon carbide filter candle material by alkali species (NaCl and NaOH) vapours was systematically investigated from 800 °C to 1400 °C in a gasification like atmosphere (He/H₂ (4 vol%)/H₂O (4 vol% and 8 vol%)). Inline hot gas analysis was done by molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS). The results of the experiments verify proposed SiC corrosion mechanisms from the literature and propose advanced reaction mechanisms with regard to alkali metal species.     

Application of principal components analysis and signal-to-noise ratio for calibration of spectrophotometric analysers of food

Spectrophotometric analysers of food, being instruments for determination of the composition of food products and ingredients, are today of growing importance for food industry, as well as for food distributors and consumers. Their metrological performance significantly depends on the numerical performance of available means for spectrophotometric data processing; in particular – the means for calibration of analysers. In this paper, a new algorithm for this purpose is proposed, viz. the algorithm using principal components analysis. It is almost as efficient as partial least squares algorithms of calibration, but much simpler. It is fully automatic, viz. the selection of the most informative components is based on the signal-to-noise ratio characterising processed measurement data. The practical effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on a test problem consisting in determination of the concentrations of components of trinary oil mixtures.     

Development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of arsenic,cadmium and lead content in powdered infant formula by means of quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) can enter the food chain through the environment and/or as a consequence of the manufacturing process making foodstuffs the main human exposure route to these chemical elements. The risk associated with this exposure is of such a big concern for human health that the European Food Safety Agency recommends to reduce the exposure to Cd and Pb so as to protect especially vulnerable subgroups of population (e.g., infants). Therefore, the setting of new maximum levels (MLs) for chemical elements in infant formulae (e.g., for Cd) or the reconsideration of the existing ML for Pb is under discussion. On this basis, the availability of analytical methods, precise, accurate and sensitive enough to quantify low concentration values, is a key point especially for official control laboratories that have to state the sample compliance using a fully validated method with an associated uncertainty compliant with the requirements specified in the pertinent regulations. This work describes the development and validation of an analytical method to quantify As, Cd and Pb in powdered infant formulae based on animal protein at values of concentration close to the MLs that are likely to be set. The results obtained make the method suitable for a precise and accurate determination of these chemical elements at these low concentration values. In particular, the results for limit of quantification (LoQ) were respectively (μg kg⁻¹): As 6.2, Cd 1.2 and Pb 4.5. While for the recovery rates the following percentages were obtained: As 105%, Cd 98% and Pb 108%. The expanded uncertainties were found extremely satisfactory (Cd 13% and Pb 19%). The LoQ and the uncertainty for Pb meet the requirements set in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 333/2007 and following amendments being lower than the maximum values allowed. Even for Cd the expanded uncertainty resulted adequate in relation with the low concentration considered.     

Application of ESI and MALDI‐TOF MS for triacylglycerols analysis in edible oils

Triacylglycerols (TAG) are the most important group of compounds present in vegetable oils. These biomolecules, determining the physical, chemical and nutritional properties of the oils, are considered to be good fingerprints for quality and authenticity control. Therefore, TAGs characterization is a very important task in edible oil field, which has been undertaken by different analytical methods. The analysis of vegetable oils is still dominated by classic determinations, which are however laborious and time‐consuming and cannot be used routinely. More recently, advances in MS instrumentations coupled with online separation techniques and data processing have contributed to great expansion of MS in oil study, allowing the development of innovative analytical approaches that exhibit higher sensitivity, accuracy and rapidity in vegetable oils investigations. In the present contribution, a review of the most relevant applications of novel mass spectrometric techniques, such as ESI and MALDI, both alone and hyphenated with HPLC, used for analysis of the complex TAGs mixture of edible oils is illustrated.     

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测地表水中铅元素的含量

通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测地表水中铅元素的含量,方便、快速、准确的得出实验结果,同时进行加标回收实验来验证方法的准确性和可靠性。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定岩土浸出液中硫酸根

一些岩土中硫酸盐的大量存在是影响其工程性质的重要因素之一,SO42-是混凝土结晶腐蚀中最活跃也是最主要的阴离子,而且含SO42-和Cl-的盐类都对钢铁具有电化学腐蚀的作用。硫酸盐的腐蚀是盐类腐蚀中最普遍而具有代表性的。鉴于此,本文提出了等离子发射光谱法对岩土浸出液中硫酸根的测定方法,从而实现利用等离子发射光谱间接测定硫酸根的含量。方法的精密度小于2%,加标回收率在96～104%。与其它测试技术之间无显著性差异。方法可以快速、准确有效地反映岩土中硫酸盐的含量,更加及时地反映对建筑的腐蚀情况。