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1.
The control of the fungal contamination on crops is considered a priority by the sanitary authorities of an increasing number of countries, and this is also due to the fact that the geographic areas interested in mycotoxin outbreaks are widening. Among the different pre- and post-harvest strategies that may be applied to prevent fungal and/or aflatoxin contamination, fungicides still play a prominent role; however, despite of countless efforts, to date the problem of food and feed contamination remains unsolved, since the essential factors that affect aflatoxins production are various and hardly to handle as a whole. In this scenario, the exploitation of bioactive natural sources to obtain new agents presenting novel mechanisms of action may represent a successful strategy to minimize, at the same time, aflatoxin contamination and the use of toxic pesticides. The Aflatox® Project was aimed at the development of new-generation inhibitors of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. proliferation and toxin production, through the modification of naturally occurring molecules: a panel of 177 compounds, belonging to the thiosemicarbazones class, have been synthesized and screened for their antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic potential. The most effective compounds, selected as the best candidates as aflatoxin containment agents, were also evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and epi-genotoxicity to exclude potential harmful effect on the human health, the plants on which fungi grow and the whole ecosystem.  相似文献   
2.
结合间接竞争反应机制,运用酶联免疫吸附技术(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA),从抗原(antigen,Ag)包被时间、体系反应温度、酶标二抗作用时间、显色时间等主要因素开展快速检测黄曲霉毒素改进方法的研究。研究结果表明适宜的优化条件为:采用Ag包被20 h、反应温度24℃左右、酶标二抗作用时间30 min、底物显色时间15min。通过对饲料等11种样本的检测得出:半抑制浓度IC50<0.1μg/L,添加回收率在67%~116%,灵敏度达到0.03μg/L,线性系数>0.99,板内变异小于5%。检测试验结果良好,表明该改进方法具有可行性。  相似文献   
3.
建立一种快速、高效的QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS)法测定谷物源性运动食品中的杂色曲霉毒素和黄曲霉毒素的方法。样品采用乙腈-水(85∶15,V/V)提取,经SiO2+C18净化后检测。以乙腈-0.15%甲酸为流动相,在质谱检测器的多反应监测模式下进行分析。结果表明,5种真菌毒素在0.1~10.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)为0.999 2~0.999 7,检出限为0.03~0.14 μg/kg,定量限为0.10~0.49 μg/kg,加标回收率为85.8%~99.4%,精密度试验结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.72%~5.23%。该方法具有前处理简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高的优点,适用于谷物源性运动食品中杂色曲霉毒素和黄曲霉毒素的分析和定量检测。  相似文献   
4.
目的建立高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(high performance liquid chromatography-masss pectrometer,HPLC-MS)测定薏苡仁中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2的方法,并对比不同产地薏苡仁中黄曲霉毒素含量。方法样品经过免疫亲合柱处理后,采用HPLC-MS进行测定。分析柱为C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8μm),流动相为10 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液-甲醇溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温为25℃。结果黄曲霉毒素B_1在0.26~10.4ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9995),平均加样回收率为75.4%~123.9%,黄曲霉毒素B2在0.0875~3.5 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9996),平均加样回收率为71.1%~124.2%,黄曲霉毒素G_1在0.295~11.89 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9995),平均加样回收率为78.9%~112.2%,黄曲霉毒素G2在0.1475~5.9 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9992),平均加样回收率为73.8%~123.9%。结论该方法准确、可靠、专属性强,通过精确化合物离子监测,可准确的测定薏苡仁中黄曲霉毒素含量。  相似文献   
5.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by moulds in food that are considered a substantial issue in the context of food safety, due to their acute and chronic toxic effects on animals and humans. Therefore, new accurate methods for their identification and quantification are constantly developed in order to increase the performance of extraction, improve the accuracy of identification and reduce the limit of detection. At the same time, several industrial practices have shown the ability to reduce the level of mycotoxin contamination in food. In particular, a decrease in the amount of mycotoxins could result from standard processes naturally used for food processing or by procedures strategically introduced during processing, with the specific aim of reducing the amount of mycotoxins. In this review, the current methods adopted for accurate analyses of mycotoxins in cereals (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, fumonisins) are discussed. In addition, both conventional and innovative strategies adopted to obtain safer finished products from common cereals intended for human consumption will be explored and analysed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   
6.
目的 对我国8省738份市售食用植物油中4种黄曲霉毒素(AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2)污染状况进行调查。方法 首先用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法快速筛检市售食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素,再用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法对阳性样品中4种黄曲霉毒素的含量进一步确证。结果 食用植物油样品中黄曲霉毒素总量的含量范围在0.06~221.00 μg/kg之间,平均为19.30 μg/kg。4种黄曲霉毒素的污染以AFB1为主,其检出率为17.21%(127/738),平均含量为16.20 μg/kg。其次是AFB2、AFG1和AFG2。花生油中黄曲霉毒素污染较重,AFB1超标率为11.57%(25/216)。来自广西的植物油样品中黄曲霉毒素污染较重,AFB1超标率达19.23%(20/104)。此外,散装植物油中黄曲霉毒素污染含量高于定型包装样品。95.45%(126/132)的阳性样品检出2种或2种以上的黄曲霉毒素。结论 我国食用植物油存在黄曲霉毒素协同污染现象,并以AFB1为主。花生油、来自广西的植物油样品以及散装食用植物油样品中黄曲霉毒素污染较高,需重点监测并加以监管。  相似文献   
7.
谭悦  阚建全  陈光静  徐瑶   《中国食品学报》2020,20(3):233-243
采集了59份重庆生产酱油、豆豉、腐乳和豆瓣酱4大类发酵豆制品,检测其理化指标和可能存在的6种风险因子,包括蛋白质降解物挥发性盐基氮、硫化氢和生物胺、防腐剂苯甲酸和丙酸及微生物代谢毒素黄曲霉毒素。结果表明,各类样品的pH值及总酸含量均在正常范围;腐乳及包装酱油样品所含氨基酸态氮含量均满足国家标准;各类生物胺普遍存在于发酵豆制品中,不同类型的样品中所含生物胺的种类和含量不同,主要含有酪胺和腐胺。腐乳中生物胺总量最高;挥发性盐基氮的含量较高,可能对样品安全性有影响;硫化氢含量较少,暂不影响食品的可食性;总黄曲霉毒素的含量均未超过国家限量标准,安全性良好。苯甲酸和丙酸普遍存在于各类发酵豆制品中,个别样品中苯甲酸和丙酸含量远高于国家的限量标准,问题较为突出。有必要追踪发酵豆制品加工及贮藏过程中风险因子的变化及产生规律,提出有效的质量安全控制措施。  相似文献   
8.
黄曲霉毒素的生物合成、代谢和毒性研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
食品中黄曲霉毒素污染是最近关注的热点,这些毒素侵染农产品会带来很大经济损失。黄曲霉毒素有非常高的肝毒性、肝致肿瘤性、致畸和致突变性,可在采前、采中和采后的各种环境下侵染多种重要农产品,例如花生、玉米、水稻和棉籽。自然界中黄曲霉毒素的产生取决于多种因素,例如碳、氮、温度、水分活度、pH值、发育阶段、氧化胁迫、植物代谢产物。黄曲霉毒素可引起多种疾病,但是可以通过阻断和干扰吸收及干扰代谢酶来调节体内的黄曲霉毒素。本文概述黄曲霉毒素的生物合成、侵染、运输、代谢和毒性。研究它的生物合成、毒性机制、结构与功能关系和代谢运输途径,为制定有效控制黄曲霉毒素的措施提供更加深入的见解。  相似文献   
9.
建立了免疫亲和柱净化-大体积流通池无需衍生同时测定食品中6种黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins)的检测方法。样品采用乙腈-水(84:16,V/V)超声辅助提取,用免疫亲和柱净化,经过XBridge TM C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离。采用乙腈-甲醇-水(15:25:60,V/V)为流动相,大体积流通池荧光检测器检测,无需衍生,外标法定量。6种黄曲霉毒素在9.5 min内有效分离,从样品前处理到结果分析整个过程小于50 min。黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1、M2的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)分别为0.05μg/kg、0.02μg/kg、0.05μg/kg、0.02μg/kg、0.04μg/kg、0.03μg/kg,能够满足我国对食品中黄曲霉毒素限量的要求。6种黄曲霉毒素标准曲线线性良好,线性相关系数r2大于0.999;样品加标回收率为77.6%~90.5%,精密度RSD为2.42%~6.08%。本方法简便、准确、灵敏度高,无需衍生即可同时检测食品中6种黄曲霉毒素,适用于食品中6种黄曲霉毒素的快速定量测定。  相似文献   
10.
In the study, aflatoxin levels were assessed in thirty five (35) cereal-based food products intended for infants and young children. Additionally, the results showed that 71% of the processed foods intended for infants contained AFB1 (0.18 ± 0.01 to 36.10 ± 0.32 μgkg−1) levels higher than the European Union permissible limits of 0.1 μg kg−1. Aflatoxin intake was estimated using aflatoxin levels in the food products and the estimated individual consumption rates. The study also revealed mixed cereals as having the highest intake of aflatoxin B1 contaminants (0.005–0.852 μgkg−1bw d−1; 0.004–0.657 μgkg−1bwd−1) with mean estimated daily intake (EDI) of 0.23 ± 0.16 μgkg−1bwd−1 and 0.153 ± 0.13 μgkg−1bwd−1 for infants and young children respectively. The estimated AFT intake recorded for infants and young children for all the cereal-based food ranged from 0.005 to 1.054 μgkg−1bwd−1 and 0.004–0.838 μgkg−1bwd−1 respectively.  相似文献   
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