杏酒澄清工艺的响应面法优化

以凯特杏为原料酿造杏酒，加入皂土进行澄清处理，在单因素试验基础上，以澄清温度、澄清时间、皂土添加量为变量，以透光率为响应值，用响应面分析法进行澄清工艺的优化，并对澄清后杏酒的稳定性、理化指标和感官特性进行测定。结果表明，杏酒的最佳澄清工艺为澄清温度24 ℃、皂土添加量0.5 g/L、澄清时间2.5 d。在此澄清工艺下，杏酒透光率可达97.60%，澄清后杏酒稳定性良好，还原糖由4.52 g/L降至3.75 g/L，总酸由5.25 g/L降至4.69 g/L，酒精度由14.7%vol降至13.2%vol，总酚含量由169.25 mg/L降至142.38 mg/L，蛋白质含量由1.18 g/L降至1.06 g/L。澄清后的杏酒澄清透明，有光泽，香气更加优雅，酒体更加平衡，感官评分由79分升至87分。     

青脆李果酒发酵及澄清工艺研究

采用青脆李为试材,研究青脆李果酒发酵及澄清工艺。结果表明果酒酵母RV818对青脆李果酒的发酵性能最佳,其最适发酵温度为25℃、添加量为0.05%、发酵时间12 d;壳聚糖、硅藻土、明胶3种常用澄清剂对青脆李果酒透光率和色度的影响结果表明,3.0 g/L壳聚糖(酸溶解)澄清透光率为96.8%,色度为0.046;3.0 g/L壳聚糖(沸水溶解)澄清透光率为93.0%,色度为0.069;壳聚糖可作为青脆李果酒优选澄清剂。     

机械搅拌澄清池对低温高稳定原水处理调试

分析低温高稳定性原水的特性以及斜管机械搅拌澄清池的运行参数,首先查明澄清池出水浊度不达标的原因,然后提出机械搅拌澄清池的调试方案。通过对投加混凝剂药量的调节,排泥周期和搅拌机转速的调节,使得澄清池出水浊度能够达标。     

Assessing filter robustness at drinking water treatment plants

This investigation explores the use of five‐parameter logistic curve fitting in quantifying turbidity robustness and risk scoring in clarification and filtrations stages of several surface water treatment works in the Anglian Water region of the United Kingdom. The approach taken reviews different scoring systems and addresses issues of weighting, averages and variability in robustness performance using turbidity robustness indices (TRIs). It also proposes an area‐based risk scoring profile to assess performance [relative area profile for T₉₀ (RAP₉₀)]. The metrics produced are considered to be a logical and rational way to help prioritise where resources for water treatment operation should be deployed.     

浓磷酸沉降与澄清技术的进展

介绍了云天化云峰分公司产能为28万t/a磷酸装置,针对磷矿品位的不断下降,杂质含量的不断升高,造成酸品质差,波动较大,从而影响到下游磷复肥产品的问题,采用了浓磷酸沉降与澄清技术,并改变絮凝剂加入方式。结果表明,2013年1~7月浓酸含固量平均为0.917%,为生产合格的18-46-0的DAP创造了条件。     

Bioconversion of shrimp shell waste for the production of antioxidant and chitosan used as fruit juice clarifier

The pH, proteolytic activity, extent of demineralisation and deprotenisation of shrimp waste were studied during 7 days of fermentation using Pseudomonas aeruginosa A2. After 3 days, pH dropped from 7.0 to 4.4 and then remained constant. Simultaneously, a demineralisation of 92% was achieved. However, protease activity reached its highest level (1230 U mL^?1) after 1 day of incubation, and a protein removal of 90% was achieved. Chitin obtained was converted to chitosan. This chitosan, with 73% deacetylation, was tested for clarification of different fruit juices. It was observed that low concentrations of chitosan (below to 1%) greatly increase the clarity of juices without affecting the nutritional value. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates produced during fermentation was tested. Hydrolysate obtained after 3 days showed the strongest scavenging activity (90%), which was comparable to the positive control BHA; however, that obtained after 1 day exhibited the highest ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (OD 700 nm = 1.7).     

萃取冶金过程中除油回收萃取有机相的生产实践

本文介绍了某企业萃取冶金生产过程中对萃余液/反萃液除油并回收萃取有机相的实际情况,3个串联的萃取系统采用的改性材料除油器一次除油率分别为78.79%、19.10%和16.42%,除油后溶液含油量远大于10 mg/L,无法满足设计要求。通过分析除油原理,在原有流程除油器前端新增"溶气泵+气浮澄清箱"的组合装置,在除油器末端增加活性炭吸附罐保安过滤装置。经过三次除油后,除油率分别达到了98.69%、95.11%和95.17%,除油后溶液平均含油量小于10 mg/L,萃取有机相回收率达到60%以上,除油回收萃取剂效果较好。     

改造型机械加速澄清池对低浊度水的处理效果

通过分析机械加速澄清池处理低浊度水出水水质较差的原因,对机械搅拌装置的搅拌桨板进行了改造,适当加长了桨板,拓宽了桨板外径。经试验,改造后的机械加速澄清池处理低浊度水,其絮凝作用和水力条件明显改善,提高了沉降比。最佳运行参数叶轮开度为200-300mm,叶轮转速为3.5-4.0r.m.p,出水平均浊度为3.7NTU,与原有澄清池相比出水量提高了10.6%;平均出水浊度为8.3NTU时,出水量为1946m3/h,比原池的平均出水量1504m3/h提高了29.4%,达到澄清池设计处理能力的93.4%,改善了原澄清池出水量不足的问题,为解决大型机械加速澄清池出水水质差、出水量低的难题提供了一条新的途径。     

基于RBFNN的硫熏强度软测量建模

硫熏强度是亚法糖厂澄清工段非常重要的一个工艺指标,硫熏强度过低会影响澄清效果,过高会造成成品糖二氧化硫残留过高。由于目前尚缺乏合适的硫熏强度在线测试仪,人工化验滞后时间较长,难以根据该指标及时指导生产。为此,提出了一种基于糖厂澄清过程大量离/在线历史数据的硫熏强度软测量方法,分别建立基于径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN)、BP神经网络方法和广义动态模糊神经网络(GDFNN)的硫熏强度软测量模型。通过对模型的性能进行对比分析,说明了基于RBFNN硫熏强度软测量模型的优越性。     

除臭工艺在市政排水工程中的应用与研究

介绍了在市政排水工程中普遍使用的生物除臭技术、天然植物提取液除臭技术和离子净化技术的原理。通过实际运用的比较和研究,认为除臭率较高的离子净化技术是发展和应用的方向。