生物毒素的脱毒技术及药物研究进展

作为一种特殊的生物源化学物质,生物毒素对农产品、人畜、环境等有不可忽视的健康隐患,但由于其结构与功能作用的多样性,其对于生物化学、医药学、环境生态学等又具有重要意义。本研究就生物毒素的来源分类、危害、脱毒技术及生物毒素的应用进行综述,以期为进一步生物毒素的监管与开发利用提供理论参考。     

V2O5/RGO/Pt nanocomposite on oxytetracycline degradation and pharmaceutical effluent detoxification

The cover image is based on the Research Article V₂O₅/RGO/Pt nanocomposite on oxytetracycline degradation and pharmaceutical effluent detoxification by Mohan, H et al., DOI: 10.1002/jctb.6238 .

     

生物毒素的研究进展

生物毒素是一种具有重大意义的生物源化学物质,在化学结构、作用机制等多方面具有多样性,其収展对生命化学、化学生物学、化学生态学、医学、药物学、环境科学等均有重要意义。许多生物毒素可为药物分子设计提供有价值的新药效模型和结构构架。寻求高效、安全的脱毒技术,成为当下安全研究的热点方向之一。本研究对生物毒素的分类、危害及应用、产毒机制进行简要概述,重点阐述了生物毒素最新的检测技术和脱毒技术的应用研究现状和最新进展,以期为生物毒素的研究提供参考。     

酚油共萃协同解毒技术及其在煤化工高浓废水中的应用

煤化工高浓废水因成分复杂、污染物浓度高、毒性大、可生化性低等特点受到环保行业广泛关注，废水中含有高浓度的氨氮、酚类和油类物质及杂环化合物和多环芳烃等高毒性污染物，高效脱酚和深度解毒是该类废水处理的两大瓶颈。本工作从过程污染控制角度提出了酚油共萃协同解毒技术，配合研发的酚油联合脱除专用萃取剂IPE-PO，有针对性地处理云南某企业的煤化工高浓废水。用GC-MS检测了处理前后废水中的有机物种类，并与工业应用广泛的甲基异丁基酮萃取剂(MIBK)萃取体系进行对比。预处理后废水中的化学需氧量(COD)、总酚、氨氮(NH4+?N)、有机物的吸光度(UV254)平均脱除率分别为77.69%, 90.45%, 97.10%和82.19%，去除了大部分有毒污染物，废水的可生化性显著提高。处理后废水中的有机物种类从原水中的101种减至74种，展现了该技术在处理有毒物质方面的优势。经生化和深度处理，废水COD从31000~37000 mg/L降至100 mg/L以下，UV254从197 cm?1降至0.5 cm?1，可直接排入污水厂，运行成本不超过10元/t。IPE-PO萃取剂酚油协同共萃解毒技术在煤化工废水处理上是一种可行且高效的预处理方法。     

赭曲霉毒素A脱毒菌株的筛选与鉴定

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)是一种广泛分布于各类农产品中的真菌毒素,对人类和动物的健康造成威胁。为探究OTA的体外生物脱毒方法,本实验尝试从小鼠肠道中筛选出脱除OTA的菌株。首先以1 kg体质量添加210 μg OTA的饲料饲喂BALB/c小鼠,收集其粪便,然后利用添加一定质量浓度OTA的LB固体培养基从粪便中逐步筛选出12株在高质量浓度OTA环境下依然能够大量生长繁殖的菌株,全部接种于LB液体培养基培养20 h后,以高效液相色谱法检测该12株菌体外脱除OTA的效果。结果发现其中1株菌YH7能够高效脱除OTA,脱毒效率达到84.6%。从生理学、16S rDNA序列比对等方面分析,最终确定YH7为大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)。通过单因素优化法确定YH7的最适生长条件为pH 7.5、37℃和200 r/min的摇床速率。     

Current major degradation methods for aflatoxins: A review

BackgroundAflatoxins are strong cancerogenic compounds predominantly produced by certain strains of the Aspergillus genus. Due to their extreme stability in different conditions, it is very difficult to remove them completely in human diet and animal feeds. In this way aflatoxins are triggering numerous healthy problems (such as liver cancer) and thus becoming a huge burden to the hygiene system and food industry worldwide.Scope and approachTherefore, seeking for an effective technique to degrade aflatoxins to a threshold level has been a “hot-topic” among researchers. Traditional methods to detoxify aflatoxins include physical and chemical treatments, such as an extrusion cooking process and ammoniation, respectively. Meanwhile a bio-degradation by microorganisms gains its popularity due to its friendliness to both environment and body health. Natural phytochemicals (plant extracts) which have great capability to remove aflatoxins without causing any damage on human and animals come out as an improvement.Key findings and conclusionHowever, a fully and systematically discussion of the methods of detoxification for aflatoxins is still not available. Therefore, in the present review we briefly enumerate several traditional strategies, update newly methods, particularly the potential use of natural phytochemicals, and discuss some mechanisms during the detoxification period, summarizing merits and demerits of these methods. We suggest that this important information and our humble opinions could help researchers to understand the degradation of methods for aflatoxins.     

Growth inhibition of Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol detoxification by lactic acid bacteria and their application in sourdough bread

Eight lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were screened for their ability to inhibit Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) growth and remove deoxynivalenol (DON). Furthermore, the selected LAB strains were applied as starter cultures to evaluate their performance during the breadmaking process. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) AR524 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against F. graminearum growth in a pH-dependent manner and removed up to 40.9% of DON, mainly through cell wall binding. Compared with the control, L. plantarum AR524 inhibited 60.19% of F. graminearum growth and removed 50.53% of DON during breadmaking. The texture properties of the bread were also remarkably improved by L. plantarum AR524, and its shelf life was extended from 3 days to 6 days without the application of any chemical preservatives. Therefore, L. plantarum AR524 shows excellent potential for application as a bioprotective starter culture in bakery products.     

浮选锑尾矿回收金的试验研究

青海某锑金矿选矿厂采用"先锑后金"的优先浮选流程,因矿石氧化程度高,泥化现象严重,导致浮选金精矿品位及回收率很低。为了提高金的选矿回收率,对选锑尾矿采用CIL提金试验研究,金浸出率为65.10%,相比较原选矿工艺金回收率提高52.95%。