微生物降解棉酚的响应面分析优化

利用SAS软件的Plackett-Burman设计法对微生物固态发酵脱毒棉酚的发酵参数进行筛选,得出3个影响较大的重要因素,即料水比、发酵时间、装料量,再用SAS软件二次响应面分析法进行回归分析,得到了各因素的优化水平值,经过响应面法的优化,脱毒事提高近20%。     

高效液相色谱法测定棉籽仁中棉酚的含量

目的：建立棉籽仁中棉酚含量的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法：采用ODS-C18 色谱柱(4.6mm × 200mm,5μm),柱温25℃,流动相为甲醇- 体积分数1% 磷酸溶液(85:15,V/V),流速1.0mL/min,检测波长235nm。结果：棉酚质量浓度在1.9～34.9μg/mL 范围内线性关系良好;棉酚的加标回收率为97.8%～100.3%,RSD值为0.4%～1.2%。结论：此法操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确,样品处理简便易行,适于测定棉籽仁中棉酚的含量。     

Ethanol vapor deactivation of gossypol in cottonseed meal

Most cottonseed cultivars contain gossypol, a polyphenolic antinutritional compound. “Free” gossypol is a physiologically active form of gossypol, which is toxic to young- and nonruminant animals. To utilize solvent-extracted cottonseed meal as a general feed, gossypol must be either removed or deactivated to a minimum level specified for each class of animal. Normally, deactivation is carried out prior to oil extraction; however, the desired level of deactivation is not always attained. A new supplemental method of deactivation has been found by using either ethanol or isopropanol vapors on solventextracted meal. In a bench-top set-up, ethanol vapor reduced free gossypol from 0.115 to 0.053%, and a further reduction to 0.026% has been observed with the addition of ferrous sulfate. The supplemental deactivation method can, in most cases, reduce free gossypol to significantly safer levels for feeding, thus increasing utility, and possibly demand, for cottonseed meal as a general animal feed protein source. Presented in part at the AOCS Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, May 8–12, 1994.     

Systemic Induction of Allelochemicals in Glanded and Glandless Isogenic Cotton by Spodoptera exigua Feeding

Induction of systemic resistance to feeding of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, was investigated in two isogenic lines of Stoneville 213 cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, that differed in the presence of pigment glands. In laboratory bioassays, larvae strongly preferred to feed on glandless cotton plants when presented a choice between undamaged terminal leaves of undamaged glanded and glandless plants. Feeding damage inflicted by S. exigua larvae on the two oldest leaves of glanded plants seven days prior to feeding bioassays caused larvae to prefer by 33-fold the undamaged terminal foliage from undamaged plants compared to that from damaged plants. Feeding damage on glandless plants caused only a 2.6-fold greater preference for terminal foliage from undamaged plants over foliage from previously damaged plants. Extracts of terminal foliage from glanded cotton damaged seven days earlier had significantly greater quantities of terpenoid aldehydes (hemigossypolone, gossypol, and heliocides) than did foliage from undamaged glanded plants. Terpenoid aldehydes were undetectable in extracts of both undamaged and previously damaged glandless plants. The profile of volatile compounds collected from the headspace of mechanically damaged terminal leaves of undamaged glanded and glandless plants differed. Both cotton isolines released large quantities of lipoxygenase products (hexenyl alcohols, acetates, and butyrates), but glandless plants released only small amounts of mono- and sesquiterpenes compared to glanded plants. Glandless plants damaged seven days prior to volatile collection released significantly greater quantities of lipoxygenase products, -ocimene, and - and -farnesene than did undamaged glandless plants. Previously damaged glanded plants released significantly greater quantities of all mono- and sesquiterpenes and hexenyl acetates and butyrates, but not alcohols. The relative importance of volatile compounds versus terpenoid aldehydes in induced feeding deterrence in cotton to S. exigua larvae is still unclear.     

热碱法脱除游离棉酚的实验研究

介绍了用热碱法对棉籽粕进行脱酚的工艺原理,并对棉籽粕进行了脱酚实验研究。通过正交试验,热碱法脱酚的最适合条件为pH值8～9,温度60℃,时间3h,最终棉籽蛋白液棉酚含量为12×10-6,完全低于联合国咨询委员会规定的食用棉籽蛋白质中游离棉酚含量≤0.06%标准。     

Ethanol extraction of oil,gossypol and aflatoxin from cottonseed

Commercial processing of cottonseed requires hexane to extract and recover edible oil. Gossypol and aflatoxin are not removed from extracted meals. A bench-top extraction process with 95% (vol/vol) aqueous ethanol (EtOH) solvent has been developed that extracts all three of the above materials with a much less volatile solvent. In this process, cottonseed is pretreated and extracted with ambient 95% EtOH to remove gossypol and then extracted with hot 95% EtOH to extract oil and aflatoxin. Membranes and adsorption columns are used to purify the various extract streams, so that they can be recycled directly. A representative extracted meal contained a total gossypol content of 0.47% (a 70% reduction) and 3 ppb aflatoxin (a 95% reduction). Residual oil content was approximately 2%. Although the process is technically feasible, it is presently not economical unless a mill has a continual, serious aflatoxin contamination problem. However, if a plant cannot meet the hexane emission standards under the Clean Air Act of 1990, this process could provide a safer solvent that may expand the use and increase the value of cottonseed meal as a feed for nonruminants. Presented in part at the AOCS annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, May 1992.     

棉籽饼粕在饲料中的应用

本文评述了开发棉籽饼粕对发展我国养殖业的作用；目前影响我国棉籽饼粕作饲料的一些原因；现行制油工艺生产的棉籽饼粕在饲料中的应用；我国研究的工厂化生产去毒棉籽饼粕的一些不同工艺等问题。     

An improved ultrasound‐assisted extraction process of gossypol acetic acid from cottonseed soapstock

To investigate the extracted process of gossypol acetic acid (G‐AA) from cottonseed soapstock and explore the improvement of its yield and purity, a novel ultrasound‐assisted extraction and crystallization method was introduced to this process. Under the optimized conditions, preliminary G‐AA with the yield of 1300 mg and the purity of 95.9% could be obtained from 100 g of fresh soapstock by ultrasound‐assisted extraction. In addition, UV, IR, and NMR spectrum further confirmed the detailed chemical structure of G‐AA. Assay of inhibiting human prostate tumor cell line PC‐3 and human breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231 revealed its biological activity, the values of IC₅₀ are 9.096 μmol/L and 14.37 μmol/L respectively. In comparison with the conventional solvent extraction, this novel process increases the content of G‐AA over 90%, reduces the time of crystallization by 75%, and retains the anticancer activity of gossypol. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

棉籽蛋白发泡粉生产工艺及其应用的研究

研究了植物蛋白起泡剂的生产原理及工艺路线,对其影响因素和产品的实际应用作了探讨。结果表明：利用此工艺方法生产的棉籽蛋白发泡性达９００ｍｌ／２００ｍｌ２％溶液,其中包含游离棉酚质量分数小于０．００２％。     

Reaction chemistry of gossypol and its derivatives

Gossypol, a complex polyphenolic compound, is a naturally occurring highly colored yellow pigment found in the small intercellular pigment glands in the leaves, stems, roots, and seed of cotton plants. In cottonseed, gossypol contributes to its toxicity and therefore it is regarded as an unwanted processing component. It was not until its antitumor and male infertility activities were discovered that gossypol was considered as a valueadded natural product from cottonseed with useful physiological and chemical properties. These serendipitous discoveries created much excitement, and an enormous amount of research on gossypol has ensued. Since then, much research has focused on the preparation of suitable gossypol derivatives for medicinal applications. This review summarizes current knowledge about gossypol, its stereochemistry, tautomerism, and the many varied reactions the gossypol molecule can undergo.