市售香辛料油树脂的抗氧化性能研究

以生姜、黑胡椒、八角茴香三种常见香辛料油树脂为研究对象,研究其对二苯代苦味酰基自由基、羟自由基的清除能力以及对大豆油的抗氧化保护作用。实验表明,三种油树脂均具有一定的自由基清除能力且清除率随着浓度的增加而增强,但是清除率低于传统抗氧化剂BHT和TBHQ。此外,这三种油树脂对大豆油也均具有明显的抗氧化保护作用,其抗氧化效果在加速氧化前4d,添加量为油样质量的0.20%时效果最好。     

采用有机溶剂法提取生姜有效成分

采用有机溶剂浸提技术对生姜提取姜油树脂的最佳工艺进行了探讨，结果表明，最佳溶剂为70％的乙醇，姜颗粒度为30h，浸泡时间为10h，料剂比为1：10，提取效果较好。     

营养复合调味料的研制

本详细介绍从香辛料中提取香精油，同时配以果蔬汁、骨汤等营养原料，再辅以食盐、糖、味精等，通过正交试验选择出最佳的工艺参数，研制成一种风味别致、营养方便、不含任何防腐剂的新型调味佳品。     

Chemistry and antioxidant activity of essential oil and oleoresins of black caraway (Carum bulbocastanum) fruits: Part 69

BACKGROUND: The present study describes the chemical analysis of the essential oil and oleoresins from caraway, which have been studied by using GC–MS. The paper also explains the importance of the extracted oil and oleoresins in the antioxidant activities of target plant species. RESULTS: GC–MS analysis of caraway essential oil showed 51 compounds representing about 96.6% of the total weight. The major components were dillapiole (44.6%), germacrene‐β (14.1%), nothoapiole (8.3%), and β‐selinene (6.8%), along with many other components in minor amounts. Major components in ethyl acetate and iso‐octane oleoresins are dillapiole, nothoapiole and germacrene‐β, whereas in ethanol oleoresin contains dillapiole (25%), sitosterol (21.3%) stigmasterol (9.5%) and nothoapiole (8.1%). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by various antioxidant assays such as peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and p‐anisidine values. These experiments were further supported by other complementary antioxidant assays such as ferric thiocyanate method in linoleic acid system, reducing power, and scavenging effects on 1,1′‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Both the caraway volatile oil and its oleoresins showed strong antioxidant activity in comparison with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). CONCLUSION: This study provides additional information about the chemistry and antioxidant activity of caraway. Hence, caraway may be used as natural food preservatives. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

气相色谱-质谱-嗅辨法辨析4种芹菜籽油树脂中关键香气成分

目的 基于气相色谱-质谱-嗅辨法(gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy-olfactometry, GC-MS/O)研究芹菜籽油树脂的香气质量, 分析4种不同芹菜籽油树脂的关键香气成分。方法 采用GC-MS/O分析4种芹菜籽油树脂, 通过强度法结合质谱库检索确定4种芹菜籽油树脂的关键香气成分, 描述香气轮廓并评价各自香气风格。结果 在16倍稀释因子浓度下嗅辨4种芹菜籽油树脂, 各辨别出13种、11种、10种和15种关键香气成分, 其中共性化合物为川芎内酯(药草香)、瑟丹内酯(药草香)、戊酸(药草香)、丁苯酚(芹菜香)、柠檬烯二醇(芹菜香)、L-香芹醇(芹菜香)、戊基苯(芹菜香)、α-瑟林烯(茶香)、β-瑟林烯(茶香)、芳樟醇(甜香)。特征化合物为苯戊酮(籽实香)。结论 通过香气轮廓描述, 辨识出芹菜籽油树脂具有药草香、芹菜香、茶香、甜香和籽实香特征, 同时为芹菜籽油树脂的质量鉴别和调香应用提供参考。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and various oleoresins of Elettaria cardamomum (seeds and pods)

BACKGROUND: This paper describes the chemical analysis of the essential oil and various oleoresins of Elettaria cardamomum (seeds and pods) by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. It also compares the effects of the different extraction solvents used (chloroform, methanol, ethanol and diethyl ether) on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and oleoresins. RESULTS: The essential oil was found to contain 71 compounds. The major components were α‐terpinyl acetate (44.3%), 1,8‐cineole (10.7%), α‐terpineol (9.8%) and linalool (8.6%). The chloroform and methanol oleoresins both contained α‐terpinyl acetate (21.8 and 25.9% respectively) as the main component, while 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (28.9%) was the most abundant compound in the ethanol oleoresin. However, very few components (total 0.61%) were found in the diethyl ether oleoresin. The antioxidant activities of the essential oil and oleoresins, studied in mustard oil by monitoring the peroxide value of the oil substrate, were comparable to those of the synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 0.02% concentration. The essential oil exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the micro‐organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi at 3000 ppm by the agar well diffusion method. Antifungal activity was tested against the food‐borne fungi Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Fusarium graminearum and Penicillium madriti. The methanol and ethanol oleoresins gave the best results against A. terreus at 3000 ppm by the poison food method. CONCLUSION: This study provides important information about the chemistry and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of E. cardamomum. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

生姜提取物-糖油与油树脂的研究进展

生姜精油与姜油树脂目前生姜的峡谷种最主要的深加工产品,在食品工业中有很高的发展应用价值和发展潜力。本文分别从生姜为精民姜油树脂的组成,功能、提取及应用等方面进行综述。     

生姜提取物的综合利用与深加工研究

姜精油、姜油树脂是运用现代加工技术提取生姜得到的两种深加工产品。本文综合介绍了这两种产品的概念、特性、开发应用前景及国内外研究进展与利用现状     

姜油树脂微胶囊稳定性及动力学特性的研究

以姜粉和姜油树脂为对照、姜辣素保存率为评价指标,通过实验考察了姜油树脂微胶囊（姜油树脂/β-环糊精包合物）在酸、碱、紫外线、高温、高湿影响下的稳定性,并进行了动力学特性（降解速率常数和半衰期）的初步研究。结果显示,pH1和pH11分别处理1d,微胶囊样品中姜辣素保存率分别为94.5%和70.3%。紫外光处理,微胶囊样品中姜辣素降解的速率常数为1.1463,半衰期为44.8d;110℃处理,姜辣素降解速率常数为2.50,半衰期为20.9d;高湿度（相对湿度92.5%）下,姜辣素降解速率常数3.12,半衰期为17.3d。与姜粉和姜油树脂相比,微胶囊对酸、碱、紫外线、高温、高湿等外界因素有着良好的稳定性。     

Ethanol extraction of red peppers: kinetic studies and microstructure

A three-parameter kinetic equation was developed for ethanol extraction of oleoresin from dry red peppers under different solute to solvent ratios, particle sizes and condition of structural damage. The model distinguished two main mechanisms of extraction: a fast, washing step and a diffusion-controlled process. Flaking and, to a lesser extent, blanching induced significant cellular damage resulting in more oleoresin being washed, a faster extraction rate and a higher final concentration in the solvent, compared to untreated material. The activation energy for extraction derived from the study was 6.1 kcal/mol, typical of diffusion-controlled processes. Light micrographs related microstructure to variations in extraction parameters.