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1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(99):41920-41931
A polymer electrolyte membrane is considered as the heart of fuel cells. Here we report the preparation of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend poly (methyl methacrylate)-co-poly (sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) (PMMA-co-PSSNa) by solvent evaporation method. Three different types of PEMs have been prepared by using different ratios of PVDF and PMMA-co-PSSNa copolymer. We have investigated the effect of concentration of PVDF on water uptake, ion exchange capacity, mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stability, proton conductivity (Km), and methanol permeability (PM) of the blend membranes. These blend PEMs showed good physicochemical and electrochemical properties along with thermal and oxidative stability. The membrane prepared from PVDF (45% w/w) to PMMA-co-PSSNa (55% w/w) exhibited optimum PM at room temperature (8.38 × 10?7 cm2s?1). This low fuel crossover and high relative selectivity can make our prepared blend membranes a potential candidate in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) or direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). 相似文献
2.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(11):15043-15055
This work reports magnetic permeability and ammonia gas sensing characteristics of La3+ substituted Co–Zn nano ferrites possessing chemical formula Co0.7Zn0.3LaxFe2-2xO4 (x = 0–0.1) synthesized by a sol-gel route. Refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the ferrite powders by the Rietveld technique has revealed the creation of single-phase spinel structure. The tenancy of constituent cations at tetrahedral/octahedral sites was obtained from the refinement of XRD. The crystallite sizes calculated from the W–H method vary from 20 to 24 nm. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) profiles of the ferrite samples were analyzed for the morphological details. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) patterns of the samples were obtained to test the elemental purity of the ferrites within their stoichiometry. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the ferrite (x = 0.1) exhibits the spherical and oval shaped particles with a mean size of 20 nm. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra were analyzed to confirm the superseding of La3+ cations at octahedral sites. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the ferrites was performed to investigate the porous structure and to determine the surface area of the nanocrystalline ferrites. The oxidation states of the constituent ions were confirmed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The complex permeability as a function of frequency was studied to explore the effects of structural parameters on the magnetic behaviour of the ferrites. Analysis of gas sensing properties of the ferrites have proved that the Co–Zn–La ferrite with controlled La composition can be utilized as an effective ammonia gas sensing material in commercial gas sensors. 相似文献
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The Fe/C/SiCN composite ceramics were synthesized by polymer-derived method to obtain the integration of structure and functions. The electromagnetic waves (EMW) absorption properties at X and Ku bands were investigated. The addition of nano-sized Fe particles improved the magnetic loss and impedance matching, and the carbon nanotubes generated by the iron in-situ catalysis increased the internal relaxation polarization and interfacial polarization, which together improved the EMW absorption properties significantly. In particular, the Fe/C/SiCN-9 showed the optimum reflection loss (RL) of ?31.06 dB at 10.03 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL < ?10 dB) of 3.03 GHz at 2.51 mm, indicating the excellent EMW absorption properties of Fe/C/SiCN composite ceramics. 相似文献
5.
Manoj Kumar Nayak Vinay Shankar Pandey Dharmendra Tripathi Noreen Sher Akbar Oluwole D Makinde 《亚洲传热研究》2020,49(3):1256-1280
The present study aims to investigate the effects of thermal‐diffusion and diffusion‐thermo onan magnetohydrodynamic convective flow of viscous fluids over an exponentially stretching sheet. Thermal radiation effects are also considered in the study. This analysis is carried out in three dimensions and a similarity transformation is adopted to get a set of ordinary differential equations from a set of partial differential equations. And the Fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method and shooting technique along with the secant method are employed to find out an iterative solution. We also analyze here the influence of the variable magnetic field, nonuniform permeability and variable chemical reaction on the fluid flow. The impact of various pertinent parameters of interest has extensively been explored through graphs and tables. The major findings of the present study are that resistive Lorentz force diminishes the fluid velocity and uplifts the thermal as well as concentration fields. Inclusion of porous matrix improves the viscous drag force which in turn augments wall shear stresses and peters out the heat and mass transfer rates from the sheet. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient has an inverse relation with temperature. 相似文献
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Mikhail V. Dubinin Eugeny Yu. Talanov Kirill S. Tenkov Vlada S. Starinets Natalia V. Belosludtseva Konstantin N. Belosludtsev 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(22)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe hereditary disease caused by a lack of dystrophin, a protein essential for myocyte integrity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is reportedly responsible for DMD. This study examines the effect of glucocorticoid deflazacort on the functioning of the skeletal-muscle mitochondria of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice and WT animals. Deflazacort administration was found to improve mitochondrial respiration of mdx mice due to an increase in the level of ETC complexes (complexes III and IV and ATP synthase), which may contribute to the normalization of ATP levels in the skeletal muscle of mdx animals. Deflazacort treatment improved the rate of Ca2+ uniport in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of mdx mice, presumably by affecting the subunit composition of the calcium uniporter of organelles. At the same time, deflazacort was found to reduce the resistance of skeletal mitochondria to MPT pore opening, which may be associated with a change in the level of ANT2 and CypD. In this case, deflazacort also affected the mitochondria of WT mice. The paper discusses the mechanisms underlying the effect of deflazacort on the functioning of mitochondria and contributing to the improvement of the muscular function of mdx mice. 相似文献
9.
油田注水开发后期,部分油层存在极端耗水层带,存在耗水量大,注水驱油效率低,水循环成本高的开发问题,精准认识并有效封堵极端耗水层带,可提高注水利用率。目前国外出现了应用磁性纳米粒子的精细表征新技术及超顺磁性纳米颗粒封堵新技术,抑制极端耗水,实现低成本、高强度、深度堵调。 相似文献
10.
哈萨克斯坦K油田石炭系KT-Ⅱ段储层为开阔台地相中低孔、特低渗灰岩储层,裂缝对改善储层的渗流能力至关重要,前人研究的利用常规测井资料评价碳酸盐岩储层裂缝的方法由于受裂缝产状、饱和度、泥浆侵入深浅等多方面因素的影响,存在确定性差、容易误判的缺陷。基于研究区目的层段有限的取心和电成像测井资料,结合孔隙型储层和裂缝-孔隙型储层测井响应特征,提出了利用补偿中子确定基块岩石电阻率与基块声波时差,再比较二者与深侧向电阻率、声波时差的差异特征,进而综合识别储层不同产状裂缝发育段,最后建立了裂缝孔隙度、次生孔隙度、裂缝渗透率、总渗透率等储层参数的测井解释模型,实现了利用常规测井资料对碳酸盐岩油藏储层的裂缝识别及参数定量评价。该方法应用的测井综合评价成果与取心物性分析、生产动态情况能够更好地匹配,为该类油藏的合理高效开发提供了依据。 相似文献