Monoacylglycerols derived from butter oil by Penicillium roquefortii in suspension cultures

Structural isomers of monoacylglycerols (monoglycerides, MAGs) were identified and compared after degradation of butter oil by two strains of Penicillium roquefortii and a commercial lipase from P roquefortii (EC 3.1.1.3) at pH 7.0 and 10 °C. The conditions were selected as they were comparable with those used in the manufacture of blue mould‐ripened cheese. The commercial lipase was selected to compare with the fungal strains in terms of acyl migration. Results showed that the main isomers formed by lipolysis with the commercial lipase were sn‐2 MAGs (64 mol%), whilst spores and emerging mycelia of P roquefortii produced mainly sn‐1(3) MAGs (83–90 mol%). The work reported here may lead to further assessment of different MAG structural isomers as natural preservatives in foods and dairy products. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of copper emission rates from wood treated with different preservatives to the environment

This study describes a laboratory method for the estimation of emission from preservative-treated wood in the different situations where emissions could enter the environment for use classes 3 (not in contact with ground) and 4 and 5 (in contact with the ground, fresh water or sea water) according to OECD Guidelines. Samples of scotch pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with CCA (1% and 2%), ACQ-1900 (3% and 7%), ACQ-2200 (2%), Tanalith E 3491 (2% and 2.8%), and Wolmanit CX-8 (2%).     

Soy protein combined with copper and boron compounds for providing effective wood preservation

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA), an arsenicbased wood preservative, is toxic to human health and the environment. Although CCA is stable in seasoned wood, there are potential dangers during CCA manufacture, lumber treatment, and waste disposal. This research was conducted to study the effectiveness of soy products to replace toxic chromium and arsenic compounds in wood preservative formulations. Three soy product (Arpro 2100, HM 90, and Supro 760) were used as fixative agents in preservative solutions containing anhydrous CuSO₄ and Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O. The decay resistance of treated wood blocks was measured by a soil-block culture method. Despite the large molecular sizes of copper-protein and copper-boron-protein complexes, southern pine sapwood was treatable with these preservative formulations. Wood samples treated with >6 kg°m⁻³ CuSO₄ and 7.5 kg·m⁻³ soy product, and subsequently leached for 3 d and exposed to the decay fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum (Fr.) Mur., sustained only 0.5% weight loss over 12 wk. Wood samples needed 40 kg·m⁻³ CuSO₄ and 50 kg·m⁻³ soy protein to resist the copper-tolerant decay fungus Postia placenta (Fr.) M. Lars. & Lomb. These results suggest that soy-based wood preservatives can prevent wood products from fungal attack and can replace CCA.     

不同保鲜剂结合冰温对玫瑰香葡萄贮藏品质和生理生化的影响

以玫瑰香葡萄为试材,研究了不同保鲜剂结合冰温（-0.5～-0.2℃）对玫瑰香葡萄采后贮藏品质及生理的影响。结果显示:保鲜剂结合冰温能有效减少葡萄贮藏期间的失重、脱粒、腐烂,延迟可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC含量的下降,较好保持葡萄的外观和风味;并能使葡萄果肉的硬度、弹性、凝聚性、咀嚼性维持在较高的水平;另外,能很好的抑制丙二醛的积累、PPO活性,保持较高的POD、SOD活性,延缓衰老,增长贮藏时间。其中以处理Ⅲ即8gCT2保鲜剂+1gCT5保鲜剂处理对玫瑰香葡萄保鲜效果最好。      

程序变波长-高效液相色谱法同时测定果蔬中9种防腐剂

建立了柑橘、黄瓜、白菜、西红柿四种果蔬中9种防腐剂（对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯、乙萘酚、乙氧基喹、4-苯基苯酚）的程序变波长-高效液相色谱同时测定方法。样品采用乙醚提取,液-液萃取净化,以甲醇-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱（150mm×4.6mm,3.5μm）分离,程序化变波长检测,外标法定量。结果表明,9种防腐剂在0.5¹00.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好（r≥0.9991）;在50、200、500μg/kg三个添加水平下平均回收率为70.7%¹19.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.9%⁹.9%。该方法简便快速、准确可靠,适用于果蔬中多种防腐剂残留的同时测定。      

生物防腐剂的保鲜机理及应用

食品加工、贮运过程中由微生物引起的腐败变质一直是食品保鲜领域所面临的世界性难题。因化学防腐剂的使用所带来的安全隐患越来越不容忽视,安全、高效的生物防腐剂的开发逐渐成为食品保鲜领域的重点。但生物防腐剂作用靶点相对单一、成本较高一直制约其发展。如何合理组合不同的生物防腐剂,在降低单因素强度的基础上实现多靶点协同攻击腐败菌越来越受重视。本文系统梳理以细胞壁、细胞膜、胞内遗传物质及以革兰氏阴性菌细胞外膜层为损伤目标的生物防腐剂,归纳它们的作用方式和在食品保鲜中的应用效果,并对未来的研究重点进行展望,以期能为生物防腐保鲜剂的精准复配提供理论依据。      

乳酸菌素分离纯化和特性及在食品领域的应用研究进展

乳酸菌素是由某些乳酸菌核糖体合成的对相同或相近生境微生物具有拮抗作用的一类多肽、蛋白质类次级代谢产物,作为天然生物防腐剂已用于食品防腐保鲜领域。经过硫酸铵沉淀、凝胶层析和高效液相色谱等分离纯化流程获取乳酸菌素,进而对其热稳定性、p H适应性和分子量等进行分析,其中,乳酸菌素纯化技术是限制其研究和应用的技术瓶颈。本文对近几年乳酸菌素分离纯化如硫酸铵沉淀（ASP）、细胞吸附和解吸（ADPC）、甲醇丙酮萃取（MAE）、凝胶过滤层析（GFC）、阳离子交换色谱（CEC）、琼脂糖凝胶电泳（SP-SFF）和反向液相色谱（RP-HPLC）等技术及其综合运用进行比较分析,并对乳酸菌素性质研究和在食品领域的应用进展进行综述,为开发高效乳酸菌生物保护剂提供借鉴与参考。      

不同生物保鲜剂对冷藏南美白对虾的保鲜效果

为提高冷藏南美白对虾的贮藏品质,分别采用0.05%溶菌酶、0.1%植酸、0.5%柠檬酸、0.15%抗坏血酸、0.5%L-半胱氨酸和1.5%壳聚糖保鲜对虾,通过感官评价、pH、细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮和多酚氧化酶相对酶活力的测定评价保鲜效果。研究结果表明,1.5%壳聚糖能有效减缓新鲜对虾感官品质的下降,并抑制微生物生长,0.5%柠檬酸对挥发性盐基氮抑制效果最好,并有较强的抑制多酚氧化酶作用,0.5%L-半胱氨酸能有效抑制多酚氧化酶和黑变,而0.05%溶菌酶、0.1%植酸和0.15%抗坏血酸对南美白对虾的品质改善不明显。      

植物源天然防腐剂应用及抑菌机理研究现状

植物源天然防腐剂是一类从植物中提取出来的抑菌物质,天然绿色,是理想的抑菌防腐资源。我国食品行业正朝着营养健康的方向发展,消费者对食品安全的追求,都使得天然防腐剂的需求不断提升。该文综述了植物源天然防腐剂在动物性、水产、植物性和面制食品领域的应用现状及其抑菌机理,以期为植物源天然防腐剂在食品工业中的广泛应用提供思路。     

Analysis of hexamidine, dibromohexamidine, dibromopropamidine and chlorhexidine in cosmetic products by high-performance liquid chromatography

A method of determining qualitatively and quantitatively hexamidine, dibromohexamidine, dibromopropamidine and chlorhexidine in cosmetic products by means of paired ion, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet detection (UV) at 264 nm.
Détermination de l'hexamidine, du dibromohexamidine, du dibromopropamidine et de la chlorhexidine dans les produits cosmétiques