产志贺毒素大肠杆菌O26多重双启动寡核苷酸引物-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种三重DPO-PCR方法用于食品样品中的产志贺毒素大肠杆菌O26的检测。以志贺毒素stx1和stx2、O抗原基因wzx O26特异性和实际检测效果,设计引物,构建三重DPO-PCR反应体系,进行特异性、灵敏度、模拟样品验证和实际样品验证。结果表明,三对DPO引物对退火温度不敏感,在49~69℃之间均能发生扩增,且引物之间干扰较小,具有较高的特异性,除目的基因外非目标细菌均无扩增条带出现,纯菌灵敏度检测表明,三重DPO-PCR方法对O26的最低检测限为3.8×10^3 cfu/g。在模拟样品和实际样品中具有良好的检测效果。本研究基于DPO引物构建的三重DPO-PCR方法具有效率高,特异性强,不受退火温度限制等优点,可用于食品样品中产志贺毒素大肠杆菌O26的快速准确检测提供一种高效的辅助检测方法。     

Reference databases,primer choice,and assay sensitivity for environmental metabarcoding: Lessons learnt from a re‐evaluation of an eDNA fish assessment in the Volga headwaters

Biodiversity monitoring via environmental DNA, particularly metabarcoding, is evolving into a powerful assessment tool for riverine systems. However, for metabarcoding to be fully integrated into standardized monitoring programmes, some current challenges concerning sampling design, laboratory workflow, and data analysis need to be overcome. Here, we review some of these major challenges and potential solutions. We further illustrate three potential pitfalls, namely the choice of suitable metabarcoding primers, the necessity of complete reference databases, and varying assay sensitivities, by a reappraisal of our‐own recently carried out metabarcoding study in the Volga headwaters. TaqMan qPCRs had detected catfish (Silurus glanis) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla), whereas metabarcoding had not, in the same samples. Furthermore, after extending the genetic reference database by 12 additional species and re‐analysing the metabarcoding data, we additionally detected the Siberian spiny loach (Cobitis sibirica) and Ukrainian brook lamprey (Eudontomyzon mariae) and reassigned the operational taxonomic units previously assigned to Misgurnus fossilis to Cobitis sibirica. In silico analysis of metabarcoding primer efficiencies revealed considerable variability among primer pairs and among target species, which could lead to strong primer bias and potential false‐negatives in metabarcoding studies if not properly compensated for. These results highlight some of the pitfalls of eDNA‐metabarcoding as a means of monitoring fish biodiversity in large rivers, which need to be considered in order to fully unleash the full potential of these approaches for freshwater biodiversity monitoring.     

Adhesion and interfacial characterization of biomimetically texturized lithium disilicate

Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LS2) can be biomimetically textured by crystal orientation, mimicking the microstructure of dental enamel and inducing anisotropic mechanical responses to crack growth. The deliberate texturization of LS2 plays to the clinical advantage of reinforcing weak sites of typical fracture initiation in dental prosthetic constructs. Similar to enamel, adhesion of biomimetically textured LS2 could also show anisotropic behavior. Therefore, tensile bond strength (TBS) before and after thermocycling (TC) and interfacial characterization of biomimetically textured LS2 (parallel (PAR) or perpendicular (PER) crystal orientation) after different pre-treatment modes (hydrofluoric acid etching (HFE), grit blasting (GBL) and self-etching glass-ceramic primer (SGP)) were investigated. TC reduced significantly TBS for all specimens except for GBL. Biomimetic textured LS2 after HFE showed anisotropic behavior regarding adhesion. Crystal orientation reduced TBS for the PER HFE specimens after TC significantly. In general, the TBS of HFE specimens was still higher or not significantly lower compared to other pre-treatment modes like GBL or SGP. For the GBL and SGP specimens, crystal orientation had no influence on TBS and interfacial characteristics. In contrast HFE specimens showed different interfacial characteristics depending if they were PAR or PER texturized. Based on these findings, HFE of biomimetic textured LS2 can be recommended. For bonding, the PAR orientation is recommended as its adhesion potential is less prone to degrade.     

新一代水性无机富锌底漆的生产与施工应用

通过对高模数无机硅酸盐进行改性,使无机富锌底漆的质量与施工使用得到改善与提高,实现了水性富锌底漆与溶剂型富锌环氧底漆施工使用同样方便,性能更好,尤其是产品的环保性能和良好的防腐性能。     

与溶剂型面漆配套的高性能水性木器白底漆的开发与应用

采用PUD乳液搭配PAC乳液和简单的填料搭配体系,制备了一种可以替代溶剂型PU/UPE/NC底漆的高性能水性木器底漆.讨论了不同成膜物、填料和成膜助剂的种类和用量以及流变助剂对涂膜性能和涂装外观的影响,同时对涂膜性能进行了分析和测试.结果表明：该产品可以对密度板及其切割边实现良好的封闭和填充,涂膜具有高填充、快速打磨、优异的机械性能和耐化学介质性能,可以配合溶剂型PU或NC实色面漆产品使用,以其低价、环保的优势完全可以取代溶剂型产品在密度板涂装上的应用.     

以硅溶胶为主要成膜物的水性木器透明底漆的研究

研究了硅溶胶凝胶的影响因素,选择匹配的高分子聚合物,对硅溶胶胶粒进行绑缚作用,协助硅溶胶成膜降低其刚性,考察其他助剂的协同作用,发挥出硅溶胶成膜后的特性,配制的水性木器涂料透明底漆具有硬度高、干速快、硬度建立快、初期抗压性好、耐水性优、附着力好、打磨性好等优势.     

车间底漆在船厂生产线应用对比

在船厂生产线上将水性无机锌底漆和无机硅酸锌车间底漆进行对比试验研究,重点探讨了水性无机锌车间底漆在生产线的适用性,实验显示,水性无机锌车间底漆可以在预处理流水线上使用,其干燥时间、附着力、焊接与切割、耐候性等方面能达到船厂生产线的要求。     

纳米钛粉改性环氧底漆对GFEP飞机电磁屏蔽性能的影响

航空电子设备的发展和地面电磁波源的迅速增多对玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂(GFEP)机身结构飞机的运行安全构成了威胁,亟需提升此类机身结构的电磁屏蔽性能。介绍了电磁屏蔽效能的计算方法,提出了在GFEP飞机机身涂覆纳米钛粉改性环氧底漆的应对方案。制备了纳米钛粉质量分数为1.0%的改性环氧底漆,研究了改性底漆对GFEP飞机机身典型结构样品电磁屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明:在300 kHz~1.5 GHz的测试范围内,涂覆改性底漆的测试样品的电磁屏蔽效能良好,达到9.5~29.7 dB。     

模拟海洋大气环境下铝合金表面锌黄环氧底漆/丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆涂层体系失效过程研究

目的研究5A06型铝基材所使用的锌黄环氧底漆/丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆涂层体系的失效过程。方法设计"紫外/冷凝3 d+中性盐雾3 d+低温暴露1 d"为一个周期的实验室循环加速试验,采用交流阻抗谱法,结合光泽度、色差值、红外光谱等数据,研究涂层体系性能。结果循环加速试验进行到16周,该过程中面漆的失光率、色差值上升,达到轻微失光等级和轻微变色等级。面漆的表面形貌及涂层的低频阻抗发生明显变化,第12周时在光学显微镜下明显可见微小鼓泡,涂层0.1 Hz阻抗保持在109W·cm~2以上,但此后鼓泡数量增加,部分鼓泡破损,颜填料流出;第14周时,0.1 Hz阻抗下降到108W·cm~2,此后鼓泡数量进一步增加,部分鼓泡处面漆脱落;第16周时,0.1 Hz阻抗下降到约为107W·cm~2。结论丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆树脂基体特征官能团、聚合物链发生断裂,面漆的完整性遭到破坏,这可能与紫外线照射相关。这将加速涂层中腐蚀性介质(如水、氧和侵蚀性氯离子)渗透,促进涂层的失效。     

笔记本电脑塑料外壳复合涂料体系的制备与研究

针对市场对笔记本电脑塑料外壳的涂装要求,介绍一种高性能、环保型水性塑料底漆及其配套用UV面漆的复合涂料体系。