Development of Phospholipids Vesicular Nanocarrier for Topical Delivery of Tea Tree Oil in Management of Atopic Dermatitis Using BALB/c Mice Model

This work aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) ethosomal cream with improved deposition in skin layers for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Ethosomes of TTO are developed using phosphatidylcholine (2% and 3% w/v) and ethanol (20%, 30%, and 40% w/v). Ethosomes are evaluated for percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), vesicle size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug diffusion. Ethosomal creams with optimized ethosomal dispersion are developed and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, thermal stability, ex vivo permeation, skin retention, and in vitro cytotoxicity using HaCat skin cell lines in comparison to conventional creams of TTO. In vivo investigations of optimized creams are performed using BALB/c mice model. The %EE, vesicle size, and zeta potential for optimized ethosomes are found to be 76.19 ± 3.26%, 333.6 nm, and –35.3 mV, respectively. Ethosomal creams showed higher deposition in the epidermis and dermis. The optimized creams are non-cytotoxic to HaCat cell lines. The creams significantly reduce the inflammatory response by decreasing the clinical score and infiltration of white blood cells, eosinophils, and IgE antibodies. Overall efficacy of ethosomal cream is higher than conventional cream. In conclusion, optimized ethosomal cream of TTO shows good efficacy for treatment of AD. Practical applications : The method used for the formulation of ethosomes is simple and can be easily scaled up on the industrial level. The loading of TTO within ethosomes can increase the efficiency by enhanced drug deposition in the epidermis and might also improve its stability against oxidative degradation. Topical ethosomal cream of TTO can improve patient compliance by avoidance of adverse effects linked with corticosteroids and could be a possible complementary or alternative therapy in management of AD.     

金银花中有机磷农药残留分析及其冲泡过程迁移模型研究

为确保消费者饮茶安全,建立了QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS快速测定金银花和其茶汤中6种有机磷农药(对硫磷、倍硫磷、特丁硫磷、治螟磷、丙溴磷、灭线磷)残留的检测方法。金银花和茶汤分别经乙腈和乙酸乙酯提取、盐析离心、混合净化剂(10 mg MWCNTs、15 mg PSA、150 mg无水硫酸镁)净化、0.22μm滤膜过滤后,供GC-MS/MS检测。结果表明:金银花和茶汤中,有机磷农药在1～1 000μkg和1～1 000μg/L呈现良好的线性关系,R~20.991;在4个添加水平下,回收率在67.2%～110.3%,相对标准偏差小于19%(n=6);金银花和茶汤中,有机磷农药定量限分别为1μg/kg和1μg/L。在此基础上,深入研究了金银花在冲泡过程中6种有机磷农药的迁移预测模型,表明农药迁移率(TR)与农药的正辛醇-水分配系数(Kow)关联性较大,由此获得预测模型为lg TR=-0.536 2 1g Kow+3.915 2(lg Kow3),R~2=0.914,拟合度较好;而农药迁移率与水溶解度(Ws)并未表示出关联性。该检测方法和迁移模型的建立将有利于更深层次认知农药化学污染物在金银花浸泡过程中的迁移行为,以期为制定金银花中有机磷农药最大残留限量标准提供科学依据和技术支撑。     

陈皮与普洱茶总黄酮的协同抗氧化作用研究

以大红柑柑普茶为原料,应用超声辅助法分别提取陈皮和普洱茶中的总黄酮,提取液经AB-8大孔树脂纯化,旋蒸浓缩得到待测液。将陈皮、普洱茶总黄酮按照浓度比3∶1、1∶1、1∶3混合,测定样品总黄酮溶液和VC对·OH、ABTS^+·和DPPH自由基清除能力和总还原力。结果表明,陈皮和普洱茶总黄酮均有较好的抗氧化作用,各复配组自由基清除率的IC50 mix均小于IC50add且在95%置信区间内有显著性差异,陈皮和普洱茶总黄酮相互作用指数(γ)在各组中均小于1,表明陈皮和普洱茶总黄酮具有协同抗氧化作用。     

检测仪器及消解方式对罗布麻微量元素检测效果的影响

目的 探索罗布麻微量元素适宜的检测条件。方法 以新疆产罗布麻和白麻叶及其制品罗布麻茶为实验材料, 比较了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-AES)2种仪器对其Li、B、Cr、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se和Sr 9种微量元素的检测效果, 同时对比了3种不同的湿法消解方式对检测结果的影响。结果 采用不同酸解液的3种湿法消解方法, 硝酸/过氧化氢消解液处理条件较温和, 元素损失量较少, 检测结果稍高于浓硝酸/高氯酸消解液处理的结果, 但所耗消解时间更长。对于易挥发元素Se, 选用酸性和氧化性较弱的硝酸/过氧化氢消解液更适宜。在本试验条件下, 罗布麻体内的Li和Cr 2种微量元素不宜采用ICP-AES仪器检测, 可选用ICP-MS, 而对于难电离元素Se则正好相反。结论 检测罗布麻微量元素含量时, 应根据待检测元素类型特征, 选择适宜的检测仪器。     

文冠果茶与文冠果金花散茶的香气分析

目的分析文冠果茶与文冠果金花散茶的香气成分。方法采用同时蒸馏萃取法(simultaneous distillationandextraction,SDE)提取香气物质,用气相色谱-质谱(gaschromatography-massspectrometry,GC-MS)测定各香气成分,并分析各成分的相对含量及其差异。结果 2者香气物质丰富,分别有123和118种;文冠果茶中以醇类、醛类和酮类为主要香气成分,其相对含量达到了总香气物质的84.65%,其中含量较高的组分是α-松油醇、反,反-2, 4庚二烯醛、香叶基丙酮及6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮等;文冠果金花散茶以醛类和酮类为主要香气物质,其相对含量达到了总香气物质的51.98%,其次是醇类和酸类,且醇类明显减少,而醛类和酸类明显增加,其含量最高的组分是反,反-2, 4庚二烯醛等烯醛类物质,对菌花香有积极作用。结论工艺的差异会形成不同风味的文冠果茶。     

介孔分子硅剂改善茶浓缩膜结构特性应用研究

为有效提高功能性茶浓缩反渗透膜的回收效率和抗污性能,探究了3种介孔分子硅材料(MCM-41、SBA-15和MCFs)对浓缩膜面聚酰胺层聚合形成过程的结构影响。结果表明,添加质量分数0.02%经磺化预处理的MCM-41于间苯二胺水相可接枝酰氯基团,形成的聚酰胺结构层峰谷粗糙跨度仅为220 nm且交联紧致,膜抗拉伸强度增加37.8%;SBA-15和MCFs相膜面峰谷跨度达500~780 nm,横向褶皱和团聚,结构存在孔道塌陷;改性膜在3 h内对茶多酚、茶多糖、茶蛋白即可达到最大浓缩度,减少50%浓缩时间;MCM-41和SBA-15膜长时间运行的浓缩降率仅为2.8%~6.1%,48 h下降率比显示改性膜达标使用时长增加112.5%~137.5%,亲水性和抗污堵能力均大幅提升,可有效满足功能化茶浓缩精度。