三峡水库175 m试验性蓄水过程水文泥沙分析

为掌握三峡水库175 m试验性蓄水过程中库区水位、流量、含沙量变化过程,通过三峡库区寸滩、清溪场、万县、朱沱（三）水文站实测的水位、流量、含沙量、水面比降资料,分析了蓄水过程中三峡库区沿程水面比降、库区水文站的水位流量关系、含沙量变化、库区冲淤变化等。分析结果为认识掌握三峡水库175 m蓄水后库区水文泥沙的变化规律积累了资料,对探索三峡库区水文泥沙的监测方式和分析研究将具有积极作用。     

Foam‐Mat Freeze‐Drying of Bifidobacterium longum RO175: Viability and Refrigerated Storage Stability

Foaming as a pretreatment was used prior to freeze‐drying of Bifidobacterium longum RO175 to investigate the potential acceleration of the drying rate and increase in microorganism viability after the process. A study on storage of foamed and nonfoamed freeze‐dried products at 4 °C completed this study. B. longum RO175 in foamed medium could be freeze‐dried in 1/7 to 1/4 of the time required for nonfoamed suspensions. In addition, foamed suspensions presented higher viability immediately after freeze‐drying (13.6% compared to 12.81 % or 11.46%, depending on the cryoprotective media). Refrigerated storage led to a reduction in B. longum RO175 viability for all tested protective agents (foamed and nonfoamed). No correlation between glass transition temperature and stability of probiotic powders was observed during storage. In addition, lower viability after 56 d of storage was observed for foamed materials, probably due to foam porous structure and higher hygroscopicity, and oxygen presence and moisture pickup during storage.     

百米U75V钢轨矫直前冷却过程温度场的有限元分析

通过研究U75V钢轨冷却过程的热边界条件,采用三维瞬态非线性有限元法计算了百米钢轨矫直前845～150℃冷却过程的温度场。结果表明,在冷却过程中的钢轨横截面不同位置的温度下降速率不同,在冷却初期(200～2 000s),每条冷却温度线都出现一个温度降低缓和的"平台"阶段,如轨底边部冷却速度最快,开始相变时间最早;在冷却2 500～3 000s时,轨头、轨腰、轨底中心的温度迅速下降,轨头与轨底边部的温差约5℃,在冷却5 000～7 000s时,各部位温差趋于一致;计算温度值和现场实测值差别小于50℃。     

虚实融生与时空再构:元宇宙环境中的高校虚拟教育空间设计

目的 元宇宙正成为教育创新实践的新场域,探究元宇宙虚拟空间如何与高校教育更好地融合。方法 分析元宇宙新型教育空间的构成要素及应用场景,概述元宇宙高校教育空间的设计理念,从空间、交互、情境、运行、管理五个方面探索提升元宇宙高校教育空间效果的设计手段。结果 元宇宙时代下的教育空间不仅是技术建构的数据空间,也朝着有人文氛围和人际温度的数字校园方向不断发展,重点关注用户的在场感、沉浸感和体验感,保证元宇宙教育空间的生态性和规范性,从功能性和服务性上完成对传统教育空间的完善和超越,最终实现开放共享的普惠型教育空间生态。结论 元宇宙高校教育空间的发展需要清醒地认识其教育属性,规避因其技术性突出而导致的技术囚笼风险,促进技术与教育良好互动循环。     

Molecular Basis of AmpC β-Lactamase Induction by Avibactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: PBP Occupancy,Live Cell Binding Dynamics and Impact on Resistant Clinical Isolates Harboring PDC-X Variants

Avibactam belongs to the new class of diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitors. Its inhibitory spectrum includes class A, C and D enzymes, including P. aeruginosa AmpC. Nonetheless, recent reports have revealed strain-dependent avibactam AmpC induction. In the present work, we wanted to assess the mechanistic basis underlying AmpC induction and determine if derepressed PDC-X mutated enzymes from ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant clinical isolates were further inducible. We determined avibactam concentrations that half-maximally inhibited (IC₅₀) bocillin FL binding. Inducer β-lactams were also studied as comparators. Live cells’ time-course penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) occupancy of avibactam was studied. To assess the ampC induction capacity of avibactam and comparators, qRT-PCR was performed in wild-type PAO1, PBP4, triple PBP4, 5/6 and 7 knockout derivatives and two ceftazidime/avibactam-susceptible/resistant XDR clinical isolates belonging to the epidemic high-risk clone ST175. PBP4 inhibition was observed for avibactam and β-lactam comparators. Induction capacity was consistently correlated with PBP4 binding affinity. Outer membrane permeability-limited PBP4 binding was observed in the live cells’ assay. As expected, imipenem and cefoxitin showed strong induction in PAO1, especially for carbapenem; avibactam induction was conversely weaker. Overall, the inducer effect was less remarkable in ampC-derepressed mutants and nonetheless absent upon avibactam exposure in the clinical isolates harboring mutated AmpC variants and their parental strains.     

三峡水库175m方案成库运行后龙门浩河段水流特性变化分析

基于长江上游水文局实测地形、水文、泥沙资料,针对三峡大坝175 m方案蓄水后对变动回水区产生壅水影响,借助SMS平面水流二维数学模型,对成库前后龙门浩河段水流特性变化进行了研究分析。研究结果表明,成库后非汛期内,该河段呈库区特性,尾水抬高,流速、水面比降、水流功率大幅下降,汛期河段恢复天然河道,水流特性与成库前一致。取各时期平均流量下的水流特性代表各时期水力因子的平均值,通过成库前后各时期相同流量下龙门浩河段水流特性模拟对比,发现蓄水维持期水力因子的变幅最大、蓄水期次之、消落期最小、汛期则不发生变化。通过加权估算,成库后年内平均水流功率较成库前下降47.9%,同时由于水流功率的年内变化分布极不均匀,将导致河段输沙规律发生变化。     

~(175)Hf的半衰期测量

~(175)Hf现有的半衰期数据偏少且分歧较大,对核参数的准确使用不利。本实验通过加速器质子束流轰击~(175)Lu,并使用HDEHP萃淋树脂进行离子交换,得到无载体无~(181)Hf干扰的高纯度~(175)Hf液体测量源,对其中的杂质~(65)Zn与~(56)Co的去污因子分别为5.2×10~3与2.3×10~3;引入一固定位置的监督源~(137)Cs与~(175)Hf进行了40d的连续测量,对343keV以及661keVγ射线计数率的比值关于测量时间进行线性拟合,得到~(175)Hf的半衰期为(70.73±0.25)d,并对测量结果进行了相关检验。     

Conditional median run length performance of the synthetic X¯ chart with unknown process parameters

Synthetic-type charts are efficient tools for process monitoring. They are easy to design and implement in practice. The properties of these charts are usually evaluated under the assumption of known process parameters. This assumption is sometimes violated in practice, and process parameters have to be estimated from different phase I data sets collected by different practitioners. This fact causes the between-practitioners variability among the properties of the synthetic-type charts designed for each practitioner. In fact, the shape of the run length distribution of the synthetic-type charts changes with the mean shift size. As a good alternative, the median run length $(MRL)$ metric is argued to evaluate the properties of different control charts. In this paper, the $MRL$ is used as a measure of the synthetic $\stackrel{\&\#<font\; color="red">175</font>;}{X}$ chart's performance, and the conditional $MRL$ properties of the synthetic $\stackrel{\&\#<font\; color="red">175</font>;}{X}$ chart with unknown process parameters are investigated. Both the average $MRL$ ( $AMRL$) and the standard deviation of $MRL$ ( $\text{◂⋅▸}SDMRL$) are used together to investigate the chart's properties when the process parameters are unknown. If the available number of phase I samples is not large enough to reduce the variability of the in-control $MRL$ values to an acceptable level, a bootstrap-type approach is suggested to adjust the control limits of the synthetic $\stackrel{\&\#<font\; color="red">175</font>;}{X}$ chart and to further prevent many unwanted lower in-control $MRL$ values.