Architectural Patents and Open-Source Architectures: The Globalisation of Spatial Design Innovations (or Learning from ‘E99’)

Patents are the strongest form of intellectual property rights available internationally, so far unbeaten by open source as a body of innovation and know-how. Mark Garcia , senior lecturer in the Department of Architecture & Landscape at the University of Greenwich, London, here considers the pros and cons of the patent system for architects in the digital age: from issues over patent categorisation by type, to possibilities of micro-royalties through the capacity of design software to track every stage of input from multiple contributors.     

PREVI-Lima’s Time: Positioning Proyecto Experimental de Vivienda in Peru’s Modern Project

Launched in 1968, the PREVI-Lima housing competition brought informal urbanisation to the attention of architects worldwide. The competition brief required the design of low-rise, high-density expandable homes, grouped in neighbourhoods. Here Sharif S Kahatt puts PREVI’s experimental project within the social, political and theoretical context of the time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水质模型中污染物衰减系数敏感性分析

对于河流纳污能力数值模拟问题,污染物扩散衰减系数是一个重要参数,决定了模型的准确性和可靠性。本文针对三峡大坝至葛洲坝之间河段,基于Mike21建立平面二维水质模型,以氨氮为典型污染物分析河流纳污能力,在此基础上进行了衰减系数对流量、本底浓度及有无衰减过程等因素的敏感性分析。模拟结果表明:相比本底浓度,流量的改变对污染物扩散过程的影响更为明显;污染物扩散范围随流量的增加而增加,随本底浓度的增大而降低;增大衰减系数将使污染物扩散范围减小,且高流量低本底浓度时衰减系数的取值范围较大,使得影响范围变幅最大。     

Digital Cottage Industries

Mike Aling 's ProunStretcher project engages with the recent global revival of cottage industries, fuelled by the application of digital technologies, as a means to address ‘the manifold social issues present across our rural landscape-as-urban-extension’.     

基于MikeFlood的组合情景洪水风险分析

针对模拟河道洪水淹没时,干、支流同频率暴雨组合情景不能合理反映洪水漫堤真实情景的缺陷,考虑到洪水汇流淹没过程中干、支流实际降水情况的差异,构建基于干、支流不同频率组合方案下洪水淹没情景的MikeFlood耦合水动力模型。以典型丘陵地貌地区修水为研究对象,模拟研究区域内干流以及主要支流分别发生20年、50年、100年不同频率暴雨时的24种组合情景,选取其中几种情景与干、支流发生同一种频率暴雨的典型暴雨情景进行对比。结果表明,选取的组合情景与典型情景相比,其淹没水深的分布、大小均有较大的变化,可多样性地反映洪水来临时洪水漫堤的情景,为丘陵地区的洪水风险预报和紧急避洪转移工作提供决策依据和技术支撑。     

长湖溃堤对荆州市城市防洪的影响研究

为了研究长湖溃堤对荆州市城市防洪的影响,采用MIKE 21构建长湖溃堤模型对溃堤后的水流演进过程进行模拟。结果表明,当长湖湖堤新阳桥闸附近或习家口闸附近发生溃堤时,荆州城区、沙市机场及锣场镇都会发生不同程度的淹没;可见长湖溃堤对荆州市城市防洪有一定的影响。基于MIKE 21的溃堤模型结果可为构建长湖洪水防御方案、加固长湖湖堤防御长湖洪水提供技术支撑。     

Unified design: collaborative working at Arup Associates

Global telecommunication networks and the emergence of a new digital tool base have informed the reshaping of design practice worldwide. As discussed in detail in the next issue of AD, Collective Intelligence in Design (no 5, vol 76, 2006), ever-evolving groups of designers, engineers, material scientists, manufacturers, contractors and even financiers are now working together across time zones and organisations. Though these current shifts have certainly facilitated a greater fluidity of exchange between disciplines, working across the professional setting is not a wholly new phenomenon. For over four decades, London-based Arup Associates have collaborated in design as a team of architects and engineers, sitting within the greater corporate framework of the Arup Group. Declan O'Carroll, a principal at Arup Associates, tells Helen Castle how Arup Associates are now launching the Unified Design Unit that is set to recast Ove Arup's ethos of totality in design for the 21st century. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新孟河延伸拓浚工程对长江水环境影响研究

新孟河延伸拓浚工程是国务院批复安排实施的重要引排工程之一。工程实施后在流域上游开辟引江济太的第二通道,改善太湖西部沿岸及西北部湖湾水流条件,但同时新孟河排水也会对长江水环境造成一定不利影响。通过采用MIKE21软件建立长江下游某一河段的二维水流水质模型,重点研究了新孟河排水对长江以及下游水厂水环境的影响。研究结果表明,工程排水对长江水环境的不利影响主要局限在入江口附近区域,影响程度总体较小。但工程实施后太湖仍不能达到《水环境总体方案》确定的水质治理目标要求。建议在实施过程中,加大治理区域污染源力度,从而减小新孟河排水对入江口区域影响。