伊朗铝工业

本文对伊朗铝工业的现状和未来发展规划进行了阐述。伊朗是一个资源非常丰富的国家，有许多发展原铝生产的有利条件。目前伊朗有两座电解铝厂和一座产能为30万t的氧化铝厂，原铝的产量达到了16．75万t。2004年伊朗的原铝产量将达到23万t，2005年将达到50万t。伊朗计划在2009年，使本国的原铝产量达到100万t，氧化铝产量达到220万t，生石油焦产量达到40万t。     

中东原油馏分油加氢生产润滑油基础油

分析了中东原油馏分油的基本性质，综述了加氢裂化、加氢处理、加氢脱蜡、加氢精制及组合工艺的工业应用情况，探讨了由中东原油馏分油生产润滑油基础油应注意的问题，提出了适合炼油厂生产润滑油的建议。     

New Hearts for Two Gulf Cities

Doha in Qatar and Sharjah in the UAE are both currently looking to their own heritage for inspiration in the redevelopment of their urban cores or hearts. Varkki Pallathucheril , an expert in urban planning and Professor at the College of Architecture, Art and Design at the American University of Sharjah (AUS), considers the impact challenges of this type of development.     

Vernacular architecture: questions of comfort and practicability

A paradoxical situation exists where vernacular building traditions are in a state of decline and are being replaced by modern counterparts, but they are repeatedly cited in the academic literature as exemplary models of environmental practice. This paradox is examined through research on whether vernacular passive cooling systems in the hot and dry climates of present-day Iran are practicable for the provision of comfortable indoor temperatures. Investigating their technical thermal performance as well as user perceptions and behaviour, positive and negative attributes of the cooling systems are identified. If conclusions about the long-term viability of vernacular buildings are to be drawn, then social, cultural, economic and environmental attributes need to be taken into consideration. Despite rather widespread and persistent assumptions, vernacular building traditions are not necessarily able to survive and the choices made by local people regarding the continuation or abandonment of specific traditions are influenced by a variety of cultural and practical factors. This substantiates the necessity of an integrated and holistic approach that engages with these variables in order to acquire a better understanding of the conditions for the survival of vernacular traditions.

Le fait que les traditions architecturales vernaculaires se trouvent dans un état de déclin et sont remplacées par leurs équivalents modernes, alors même qu'elles sont citées à maintes reprises dans la littérature universitaire comme des modèles exemplaires de pratique environnementale, constitue une situation paradoxale. Ce paradoxe est étudié au travers de recherches visant à déterminer si les systèmes de refroidissement passif vernaculaires sous les climats chauds et secs de l'Iran d'aujourd'hui peuvent être mis en pratique pour assurer des températures intérieures confortables. L’étude de leurs performances thermiques techniques aussi bien que des perceptions et du comportement des utilisateurs permet d'identifier les attributs positifs et négatifs des systèmes de refroidissement. S'il faut tirer des conclusions concernant la viabilité à long terme des bâtiments vernaculaires, il est alors nécessaire de prendre en considération les attributs sociaux, culturels, économiques et environnementaux. En dépit de présomptions plutôt répandues et tenaces, les traditions architecturales vernaculaires ne sont pas nécessairement capables de survivre et les choix opérés par les populations locales quant à la poursuite ou l'abandon de traditions spécifiques sont influencés par divers facteurs culturels et pratiques. Ceci confirme la nécessité d'une approche intégrée et holistique qui, par ces variables, incite à acquérir une meilleure compréhension des conditions propres à assurer la survie des traditions vernaculaires.

Mots clés: confort adaptatif, performances des bâtiments, attentes, traditions locales, occupants, refroidissement passif, architecture vernaculaire, Iran     

伊朗南阿油田中心处理站消防系统设计

以伊朗南阿油田项目中心处理站的消防系统设计为基础,说明了伊朗油田消防系统设计参数的选取．对比分析了国内外消防规范中对有关参数设计、计算时所采用的不同方法,介绍了伊朗南阿油田中心处理站消防设计的特点,以供相关设计人员参考。     

伊朗茶文化的形成及其影响

伊朗是中国茶文化传入最早的国家之一，茶入伊朗塑造了西亚一个温馨典雅的美丽国度，且创造了世界上独树一帜的优雅闲适的伊朗茶文化，茶对伊朗的饮食结构、宗教生活、经济、政治和国际贸易等方面产生着有益的影响。     

On the analysis of fracture mechanisms and mechanical behavior of AA5083-based tri-modal composites reinforced with 5 wt.%B4C and toughened by AA5083 and AA2024 coarse grain phases

In this article, the influence of AA2024 and AA5083 coarse grains on mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of AA5083-5wt. %B₄C tri-modal composite has been discussed. AA2024 and AA5083 powders (<100 µm) were added to mechanically milled AA5083-5 wt.%B₄C powders in 25 and 50 wt.% and the mixtures were consolidated using the hot press and hot extrusion techniques. Results indicated that by adding AA2024 and AA5083 powders as coarse grains, hardness and tensile strength of AA5083-5 wt.%B₄C composite decreased but ductility increased. Moreover, by adding AA2024 powders as coarse grains, fracture mode changed and cracks tended to grow through along AA2024/AA5083-5 wt.%B₄C interface rather than being arrested or deflected. It seemed that dislocation mobility and the interface between coarse grains and ultra-fine grains had the main role in determining the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms in tri-modal AA5083-B₄C composites.     

PALAEO‐EXPOSURE SURFACES IN THE APTIAN DARIYAN FORMATION,OFFSHORE SW IRAN: GEOCHEMISTRY AND RESERVOIR IMPLICATIONS

Palaeo‐exposure surfaces within and at the top of the carbonate‐dominated Aptian Dariyan Formation have been poorly studied in the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf. This paper presents an integrated sedimentological and geochemical study of the Dariyan Formation at four oil and gas fields located in the western, central and eastern parts of the Gulf. Facies stacking patterns in general indicate shallowing‐upwards trends toward the exposure surfaces, which are interpreted to correspond to unconformities. The Dariyan Formation in the study area is divided into upper and lower carbonate units by a deep‐water, high‐gamma shale‐marl interval. At fields in the western and central Gulf, significant diagenetic changes were recorded in the top of the upper carbonate unit, including meteoric dissolution and cementation, brecciation and paleosol formation. An exposure surface is also present at the top of the lower carbonate unit in all the fields in the study area, and is associated with meteoric dissolution and cementation of grain‐dominated facies. Age calibration of studied intervals was carried out using microfossil assemblages including benthic and planktonic foraminifera. Negative excursions of both δ¹⁸O (?10‰ VPDB) and δ¹³C (?0.66‰ VPDB) were recorded in weathered intervals located below the unconformity surfaces. A sequence stratigraphic framework for the Dariyan Formation was established by integrating sedimentological, palaeontological and geochemical data. The δ¹³C curve for the formation in the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf can be correlated with the reference curve for the northern Neotethys and used as a basis for regional stratigraphic correlation. Where the top‐Aptian unconformity is present, it has resulted in an enhancement of the reservoir characteristics of the underlying carbonate succession. Accordingly, the best reservoir zones in the Dariyan Formation occur in the upper parts of the lower and upper carbonate units which are bounded above by significant palaeo‐exposure surfaces.     

从伊朗钼精矿中回收铼

伊朗钼精矿中钼以二硫化相状态趣在，含铼０．０７％，采用无污染物“氧压煮－萃取”回收铼方案，获得高铼酸铵（含量≥９９．８５％，铼收率〉８８％），并得到工业氧化钼（含钼≥６０％）和钼酸铵（含Ｍｏ≥８１％）等产品，论述了该方案的技术经济参数。     

Identification of Fatty Acids in Edible Wild Plants by Gas Chromatography

Human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and was high in antioxidants. Edible wild plants provide alpha-linolenic acid and PUFA. Today, we know that omega-3 fatty acids are essential for normal growth and development and may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, other inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Comparison of obtained results from analysis of fatty acids of edible plant oils showed that Solanum oil has the highest nutritional value because it contains high contents of linoleic acid (62.29%) and oleic acid (8.6%) and Asparagus oil has high nutritional value because it contains 66.12% oleic acid and 9.6% linoleic acid. Comparison of results of this study with reported results by Artemis (2004) showed that palmetic acid (34.48%) and estearic acid (21.71%) contents of portulaca in this study were greater than the results reported by Artemis. Therefore, we can conclude that Solanum and Asparagus oil are edible and have good nutritive values.