A公司C产品研发项目范围管理研究

通过分析A公司在研发项目范围管理中所存在问题,提出研发项目范围管理的方法及其在C产品的应用实例,通过运用研发项目范围管理的工具和方法,改善产品开发流程,从而缩短新产品开发周期,提高响应市场的速度,并提高企业研发项目的管理能力。     

Ways to open innovation: Main agents and sources in the Portuguese case

Facing increasing open innovation trends, Portuguese enterprises are considering the related processes and impacts. Thus, this work aims to identify the sectors whose enterprises most engage in open innovation (such as cooperation on this issue) and which sources/agents are most used. This is analyzed by sector and type of innovation as an interesting way of differentiation for better open innovation strategy delineation. Using the data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS-2012), it first appraises the nature of the innovation process, either cooperative or firm-based, as the starting level of analysis. Then, it differentiates the results by sector illustrating which cooperation sources/agents are most used (scope) and relative intensity of use (scale). This is important to assess levels of openness and related factors. Results show that main innovating sectors in Portugal are of three types: research-based, knowledge-based and service-based. They reveal an increasing focus on knowledge and services, trends that have been leading to more active openness towards innovation. For instance, health and construction are increasing their openness for innovating and internationalizing processes. However, Portuguese innovation is still more firm-based (in-house) than cooperation-based, especially concerning new products' launching. This work and future analyzes around it can contribute to encourage the open innovation strategy in more sectors of the economy as an easy and effective way to cope with rapid trends and changes.     

WBS在海外项目中的应用分析

WBS全称Work Breakdown Structure,即工作分解结构。根据国际通行的做法,WBS主要用来明确项目的工作范围,也就是说,在满足合同要求的情况下,建立承包商和业主之间,对于项目具体工作内容的共识。笔者探讨了WBS的重要性,编制WBS的正确方法,以及如何更新及应用WBS,在海外项目这个平台上,真正让WBS发挥出应有的作用（项目范围管理、进展检测和费用控制）。     

European patents for biotechnological inventions – past, present and future

It is now well accepted that although biotech inventions may relate to living materials it is possible to secure patent protection for all but a limited number in certain defined categories. The author traces the development of biotech patents from the early days, when decisions of the Courts and the EPO set the necessary precedents, to the adoption of the European Directive in July 1998. He then goes on to explain in more detail the key features of the Directive and refers to a number of precedent decisions which, in combination with the Directive, show how certain problem areas have been tackled. Although emphasis is placed on the key areas of plant and animal patents, the patenting of gene sequences and issues of morality the author stresses that the established principles of novelty, inventive step and industrial application are, more often than not, adequate to decide the patentability of the vast majority of biotech inventions.     

河湖管理范围内渔光互补项目存在的问题与对策

本文通过调研江西省河湖管理范围内渔光互补光伏发电项目开展的实际情况,针对存在的问题,提出相应的对策和建议,为有效开展河湖管理范围内光伏发电项目提供一定的参考依据。     

Voltage of a solid electrolyte galvanic cell in terms of the activity of the mobile species of the electrolyte

The voltage of a solid electrolyte galvanic cell is not related to the activity of the mobile ions in the electrolyte which is why this activity is not a measurable quantity. Any different view contradicts fundamental relationships inherent in solid state electrochemistry.     

您需要多少示波器带宽?

示波器带宽是决定示波器价格的主要因素.本文以大多数现代示波器更接近砖墙滤波器为基础,论述了在你测量所需要的示波器带宽,将有助于你购买多少带宽的示波器.     

LCA+GSA评价中国铝工业产业链布局研究

全方位评价是一种以生命周期评价为基础,将全球经济、环境、资源视为整体,从时间和空间的角度综合考虑的评价方法。本文把电解铝工业分成三个环节,即采矿、氧化铝提炼和原铝冶炼,以矿-氧化铝-原铝三个环节的生命周期评价为基础,采用货币化的手段比较和分析了这些环节的不同组合生产方式。针对我国电解铝工业存在的问题,调整了我国铝工业的税收政策,评价了中国铝工业产业链的布局,为我国铝工业拓展海外市场提供了战略性指导。     

城市化阶段性规律再认识

城市化阶段性规律作为一种经验性的统计规律,在英国、美国、加拿大、日本等国的城市化进程中得到了很好的证实.在国家尺度上,随着社会主义市场经济体制的确立,中国的城市化进程亦遵从阶段性规律.然而,受经济发展水平、制度与政策、地理和历史因素等的影响,这一规律能否适用于我国各省域、市域、县域等的城市化进程的研究与预测,需加以具体分析和论证.