水力空化改质对重质原油沥青质及性质的影响

利用水力空化过程产生局部的高温、高压、高射流以及强大的剪切力等极端化学物理条件改质处理沙特重质原油，试验结果表明：沙特重质原油经过水力空化改质后粘度由13.61降低至7.22mm2/s，残碳由7.16%降低至6.48%，实沸点蒸馏后减压渣油降低1个百分点。进一步采用APPI FT-IR MS、XRD、FT-IR、SEM和粒度分布等技术研究了水力空化改质对沙重原油分子组成，沥青质团聚体微晶结构、沥青质胶束粒径分布、沥青质官能团、沥青质形貌等方面的影响，从分子角度阐述空化改质重油的机理。研究结果表明：水力空化改质后沙重原油分子量分布、芳烃类化合物缔合作用变小；沥青质对低DBE化合物吸附性能降低；沥青质团聚体微晶结构更加松散；沥青质胶束粒度分布降低；沥青质分子相互团聚作用力减弱。进一步考察了水力空化改质前后减压渣油延迟焦化性能，改质处理后焦炭产率降低1.85个百分点，液体收率和气体产率分别增加1.52和0.33个百分点，水力空化改质对沥青质性质、结构特点的改善能够有效的提高其加工性能。     

CO2驱沥青质沉积对致密储层的伤害机理——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长8储层为例

为了揭示CO2驱替过程中沥青质沉积对致密储层的伤害机理,文中基于岩心核磁共振T2谱测试原理,开展了CO2注入压力下的岩心驱替实验,研究了沥青质在岩心中的沉积特征,评价了沥青质沉积对储层的伤害程度。实验结果表明:沥青质沉积量和渗透率伤害率随着CO2注入压力的升高呈现先快速上升后趋于平缓的趋势;在CO2注入过程中,沥青质主要沉积在弛豫时间大于10 ms的大、中孔隙,导致大、中孔隙占比下降,微细、小孔隙占比增加,且随着CO2注入压力的升高,大、中孔隙占比下降幅度增大,微细、小孔隙占比上升幅度增大;此外,沥青质沉积会引起润湿性发生反转,随着沥青质沉积量的增加,润湿反转指数增大,岩心润湿性不断向强油湿方向转变。     

Relations between asphaltene content,viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil and ultrasonic parameters

Ultrasonic treatment could decrease the viscosity of heavy oil and previous study on had focused on one heavy oil sample and involved less on the influence of asphaltene content. This study examined the effect of asphaltene content on viscosity reduction rate by ultrasonication. A comparison on samples with various asphaltene content and vibration parameter was made. The results showed that the optimal vibration frequency might decrease as the asphaltene content increased, whereas the optimal vibration intensity and the optimal treatment time were suggested to be enlarged. A semi-quantitative correlation was matched, which helped for numerical simulation about ultrasonic treatment.     

Asphaltene precipitation and deposition in oil reservoirs – Technical aspects,experimental and hybrid neural network predictive tools

Precipitation of asphaltene is considered as an undesired process during oil production via natural depletion and gas injection as it blocks the pore space and reduces the oil flow rate. In addition, it lessens the efficiency of the gas injection into oil reservoirs. This paper presents static and dynamic experiments conducted to investigate the effects of temperature, pressure, pressure drop, dilution ratio, and mixture compositions on asphaltene precipitation and deposition. Important technical aspects of asphaltene precipitation such as equation of state, analysis tools, and predictive methods are also discussed. Different methodologies to analyze asphaltene precipitation are reviewed, as well. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) joined with imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are employed to approximate asphaltene precipitation and deposition with and without CO₂ injection. The connectionist model is built based on experimental data covering wide ranges of process and thermodynamic conditions. A good match was obtained between the real data and the model predictions. Temperature and pressure drop have the highest influence on asphaltene deposition during dynamic tests. ICA-ANN attains more reliable outputs compared with PSO-ANN, the conventional ANN, and scaling models. In addition, high pressure microscopy (HPM) technique leads to more accurate results compared with quantitative methods when studying asphaltene precipitation.     

油砂沥青质分离纯化及其热裂解研究

为更好地开采并利用油砂,以新疆某油田油砂沥青质为研究对象,在分离纯化后进行热裂解实验研究,探寻油砂沥青质的转化规律。实验结果表明,超声震荡可以快速将沥青质包裹组分释放出来,缩短沥青质的分离纯化时间;沥青质中3种重要物质生烃、生气、生焦含量变化与温度和时间的关系非常密切;沥青质裂解具有明显的一级反应动力学特征,随着温度的升高,时间逐渐缩短,而其表观速率常数总体呈增加的趋势。     

煤焦油沥青质含量对加氢沥青质化学结构的影响

以陕北中低温煤焦油的脱沥青油与粗沥青质掺兑的不同沥青质含量的煤焦油为原料,通过高压反应釜进行加氢实验,研究原料中沥青质的含量对加氢后沥青质的组成与结构的影响。实验结果表明,随原料中沥青质含量的增加,加氢后沥青质的相对分子质量及硫、氮和氧等杂原子的含量均增加;H/C原子比和芳环缩合度参数减小,芳香度增大,表明随原料中沥青质含量的增加,沥青质的缩合度增大,生焦趋势增强。当沥青质含量达17%(w)时,加氢后沥青质的总环数和芳环数均大于中低温煤焦油原料中的沥青质,说明沥青质的含量过高时沥青质倾向于脱氢缩合生成大分子。     

Polyoctadecylacrylate (POA) and resin-stabilized asphaltene synergistically improve the flow behavior of model waxy oils

In this paper, the effect of POA PPD together with resin-stabilized asphaltenes on the flow behavior of model waxy oils was investigated through rheological test, DSC, microscopic observation and asphaltenes precipitation test. Compared to the POA or asphaltenes alone, POA/asphaltenes cannot further decrease the wax appearance temperature of oils, but can dramatically decrease the pour point, gelation point, G′, G″ and apparent viscosity of oils. POA molecules can adsorb on the surface of asphaltenes, thus inhibiting the asphaltenes precipitation and forming the POA/asphaltenes composite particles. The composite particles can act as wax crystallization templates and then greatly change the wax crystals' morphology into large and spherical-like, thus improving the waxy oil flow behavior.     

Microscopic details of asphaltenes aggregation onset during waterflooding

We report detailed microscopic studies of asphaltenes aggregation onset during waterflooding of petroleum reservoirs. To achieve this objective, a series of simulations are performed on asphaltenic-oil miscibilized with water at high pressure and temperature through molecular dynamics. Results of this simulation onset are applicable to asphaltenes behavior in real crude oils. Our simulation results illustrate that the aggregation onset in waterflooding generally follows three sequential steps: (i) Asphaltene-water interaction; (ii) Water bridging; (iii) Face-to-face stacking. Then, asphaltene-water and water-water hydrogen-bonding network surround every aggregate boosting the intensity of aggregation onset. We intend to utilize such understanding of these details in our predictive and preventive measures of arterial blockage in oil reservoirs during waterflooding.     

沥青质热裂解、临氢热裂解和临氢催化裂解反应动力学

 实验考察了1种正戊烷不溶解的沥青质在703 K下的热裂解、临氢热裂解和由 NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃催化的临氢裂解反应。3种沥青质转化反应都能较好地吻合二级反应动力学,得到的表观速率常数分别为1.704×10^-2、 2.435×10^-2和9.360×10^-2。建立三集总动力学模型,用于求解沥青质裂解转化生成液体油反应速率常数(k₁)和与之平行的生成焦炭＋气体反应速率常数（k₃）,以及由液体产物继续转化生成焦炭＋气体的反应速率常数（k₂）。对沥青质热裂解、临氢热裂解和临氢催化裂解反应,速率常数 k₁分别为1.697×10^-2、 2.430×10^-2和9.355×10^-2, k₂分别为3.605×10^-2、 2.426×10^-2和6.347×10^-3, k₃分别为6.934×10^-5、 5.416×10^-5和4.803×10^-5。