Numerical modeling of wave propagation in anisotropic viscoelastic laminated materials in transient regime: Application to modeling ultrasonic testing of composite structures

Composite laminate structures remain an important family of materials used in cutting-edge industrial areas. Building efficient numerical modeling tools for high-frequency wave propagation in order to represent ultrasonic testing experiments of these materials remains a major challenge. In particular, incorporating attenuation phenomena within anisotropic plies, and thin intermediate isotropic layers between the plies often represent significant obstacles for standard numerical approaches. In our work, we address both issues by proposing a systematic study of the fully discrete propagators associated to the Kelvin-Voigt, Maxwell, and Zener models, and by incorporating effective transmission conditions between plies using the mortar element method. We illustrate the soundness of our approach by proposing intermediate one-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical evidence, and we apply it to a more realistic configuration of a curved laminate composite structure in a three-dimensional setting.     

A macro-element strategy based upon spectral finite elements and mortar elements for transient wave propagation modeling. Application to ultrasonic testing of laminate composite materials

Proposing efficient numerical modeling tools for high-frequency wave propagation in realistic configurations, such as the one appearing in ultrasonic testing experiments, is a major challenge, especially in the perspective of inversion loops or parametric studies. We propose a numerical methodology addressing this challenge and based upon the combination of the spectral finite element method and the mortar element method. From a prior decomposition of the scene of interest into “macro-elements,” we show how one can improve the performances of the standard finite element procedures in terms of memory footprint and computational load. Additionally, using this decomposition, we are able to efficiently reconstruct important modeling features on-the-fly, such as orientations of anisotropic materials or splitting directions of perfectly matched layers formulations, altogether in a robust and efficient manner. We believe that this strategy is particularly suitable for parametric studies and sensitivity analysis. We illustrate our strategy by simulating the propagation of an ultrasonic wave into an immersed and curved anisotropic laminate 3D specimen flawed with an internal circular delamination of varying size, thus showing the efficiency and the robustness of our approach.     

Vertical oscillations of the thermocline caused by internal waves modify coldwater pelagic fish distribution: Results from a large stratified lake

Fishes typically occupy a species-specific temperature range, with their occupied depth being related to the lake’s temperature profile. When a fish’s preferred temperature range coincides with the thermocline, the location of their preferred thermal habitat is influenced by the rise and fall of internal waves, leading to possible changes in fish depth. These internal waves are common in large, stratified lakes, yet we do not know how they affect the spatial distribution and behavior of freshwater fishes. We conducted nighttime hydroacoustic surveys in a large, deep embayment of a large thermally stratified lake to observe whether pelagic fish respond to vertical oscillations of the thermocline caused by internal waves. The coldwater pelagic fish in our study (primarily cisco, Coregonus artedi) typically occupied a narrow vertical band approximately 5–8 m thick and temperatures between 10.8 ± 0.8–13.6 ± 1.6 °C (fishes sized 106–500 mm), just below the thermocline (centered around 15–17 °C). Importantly, the upper bound of fish depth varied in response to vertical thermocline movements associated with internal waves, suggesting fish respond to changes in their physical environment on timescales commensurate with basin-scale internal wave periods (hours to days), to remain within their preferred thermal habitat. Dissolved-oxygen levels were typically above avoidance thresholds of these fish, thus not likely exerting a strong influence on fish location. Our findings emphasize the need to account for internal waves when designing hydroacoustic and netting surveys, as thermocline movements can influence where fish are located.     

教室声学环境的分析及改善

对于教室内声学环境的要求,国内及国外一些有关规范都只停留在中频段(500～1 000 Hz)。这样的要求是不够的。在这样的声学环境中,教师健康和学生听课效果均受到影响。文章分析了达到优良室内声学环境的几个重要因素,着重减低低频噪声和控制低频混响时间。利用简单的吸声构件,得到几乎平直的混响时间频率特性。叙述了"掩蔽效应"对中、高频的影响并叙述了"哈斯效应"及在声学处理时要利用有利反射声的注意事项。为得到室内优良的音质环境,提出建议并给出工程实践结果的实例。     

FE-SEA方法在平台支持船噪声预报中的应用

平台支持船由于作业需要通常配备有动力定位系统,其在侧推工况下舱室噪声超标较为严重。针对这个问题采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,得到侧推螺旋桨作用在导管上的脉动压力,并将时域计算结果转换成噪声计算的激励条件。采用有限元(FE)与统计能量分析(SEA)混合方法建立船体中频段FE-SEA耦合模型并建立船体高频段SEA模型,对某65 m AHTS船侧推工况下全频段(63 Hz~8000 Hz)舱室噪声进行预报,分析该船噪声分布规律及主要影响因素。并建立起全船的SEA模型,在中频段对比SEA与FE-SEA两种方法得到的舱室声压级频谱曲线,验证了使用混合模型的必要性。     

基于数据融合的双基阵被动定位算法的研究

为了对低空飞行目标进行定位,提出一种基于数据融合的双基阵声测被动定位方法,并对定位算法和误差进行了理论分析和数值仿真。该方法采用单基阵估计的目标方位结合双基阵阵间时间延迟的方法进行目标融合定位,充分利用了基阵间的相干性。仿真表明,该方法具有较高的定位精度。该研究成果可直接用于空中运动目标的定位,也适用于地面运动目标的定位,还可推广到多基阵的运动目标声测被动定位。     

建筑声学50年的回顾:贺马大猷教授90大寿

我国的建筑声学在马大猷教授奠定的基础上，20世纪50年代以来，无论在科研、设计、声学材料（结构）的研制和应用方面均有重大发展，在厅堂音质设计的某些领域内还取得了突破性的进展。本文仅就马大猷教授在建筑声学领域内做出的贡献，作简要的介绍。     

垂直阵时反聚焦的目标被动定位方法研究

时间反转被动定位技术是一种可以在无需目标合作的条件下,实现被动相干源能量时空自适应聚焦,确定浅海被动目标位置的信号处理技术.提出了垂直阵时反被动定位(APTRM)技术的具体实现方法,为提高算法的处理增益、定位精度和定位稳健性,对算法进行了改进.进行了水池实验和海试,试验结果验证了所提算法的正确性和实用性.研究结果表明:...     

色噪声背景下基于声矢量阵列孔径扩展的相干目标波达方向估计

在目标波达方向(DOA)估计中,更大的阵列孔径往往能够获得更高估计分辨率和估计精度.然而,在色噪声背景或相干目标情况下,子空间类DOA估计算法性能急剧下降.针对这个问题,采用2个分置且相互垂直的均匀线性矢量阵列,通过阵列之间的协方差矩阵前向/后向平滑进行解相干预处理,并消除有色噪声的干扰;然后利用传播因子方法(PM)得...     

一种新的单枚被动定向浮标目标定位方法

为解决单枚被动定向(DIFAR)浮标目标定位的问题,提出一种新的DIFAR浮标目标定位方法。该方法针对下一代新型高性能浮标处理平台,在使用目标方位数据同时,充分利用目标的多普勒信息,实现了单枚DIFAR浮标对目标的发现、定位、追踪。在计算目标参数时,新算法利用多次测量数据,以最小二乘原理,进一步提高了目标参数的计算精度。仿真结果表明了新算法的正确性。整个算法简单、稳定,易于工程实现,克服了传统算法至少需要2枚DIFAR浮标参与才能完成目标定位的缺点。