一种低信噪比环境下的语音端点检测算法

端点检测技术是语音信号处理的关键技术之一，为提高低信噪比环境下端点检测的准确率和稳健性，提出了一种非平稳噪声抑制和调制域谱减结合功率归一化倒谱距离的端点检测算法。该算法首先通过抑制非平稳噪声再采用调制域谱减消除残余噪声来提升信噪比，减少语音失真。然后再提取每帧信号的功率归一化倒谱系数，计算每帧信号与背景噪声的功率归一化倒谱距离。最后将该倒谱距离作为检测参数，采用双门限判决方法进行端点检测。实验结果表明，该端点检测算法对语音帧和噪声帧具有较好的区分性。此外，在低信噪比环境下，所提出的算法对于不同类型的噪声都具有较好的稳健性。     

Source cell-phone recognition from recorded speech using non-speech segments

In a recent study, we have introduced the problem of identifying cell-phones using recorded speech and shown that speech signals convey information about the source device, making it possible to identify the source with some accuracy. In this paper, we consider recognizing source cell-phone microphones using non-speech segments of recorded speech. Taking an information-theoretic approach, we use Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) trained with maximum mutual information (MMI) to represent device-specific features. Experimental results using Mel-frequency and linear frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC and LFCC) show that features extracted from the non-speech segments of speech contain higher mutual information and yield higher recognition rates than those from speech portions or the whole utterance. Identification rate improves from 96.42% to 98.39% and equal error rate (EER) reduces from 1.20% to 0.47% when non-speech parts are used to extract features. Recognition results are provided with classical GMM trained both with maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum mutual information (MMI) criteria, as well as support vector machines (SVMs). Identification under additive noise case is also considered and it is shown that identification rates reduces dramatically in case of additive noise.     

Audio steganalysis based on reversed psychoacoustic model of human hearing

During the last decade, audio information hiding has attracted lots of attention due to its ability to provide a covert communication channel. On the other hand, various audio steganalysis schemes have been developed to detect the presence of any secret messages. Basically, audio steganography methods attempt to hide their messages in areas of time or frequency domains where human auditory system (HAS) does not perceive. Considering this fact, we propose a reliable audio steganalysis system based on the reversed Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (R-MFCC) which aims to provide a model with maximum deviation from HAS model. Genetic algorithm is deployed to optimize dimension of the R-MFCC-based features. This will both speed up feature extraction and reduce the complexity of classification. The final decision is made by a trained support vector machine (SVM) to detect suspicious audio files. The proposed method achieves detection rates of 97.8% and 94.4% in the targeted (Steghide@1.563%) and universal scenarios. These results are respectively 17.3% and 20.8% higher than previous D2-MFCC based method.     

一种基于段级特征和自动标识的语言辨识算法

本文研究了一种结合"声学信息"和"音素配位学信息"进行语言辨识的新算法,首先在预处理中对语音进行自动分段,在特征层上引入带有长时信息的段级特征参数--段级移位差分倒谱,在模型层上利用高斯混合模型(Gaussi-an Mixture Model,GMM)将语音信号自动标识为符号序列,进而引入多元语言模型(Multi-gram Language Model,MLM)来对"音素配位学信息"进行建模,最后将"GMM得分"和"MLM得分"送入后端多分类支持向量机模型得到最终识别结果.相关实验表明,新系统不需手工标识的语料,识别速度快,对OGI标准语料库中的五种语言获得了开集正识率为78.84%的结果.     

多频声频率成分与感知倒谱距离的初步研究

通过理论计算和主观实验,研究了多频声频率成分在不同频响曲线下与感知倒谱距离和主观评价之间的关系.针对所选定的9种频响曲线和7种节目信号,当频率范围为1～10 kHz之间时,感知倒谱距离与主观评价的相关系数最高仅为0.93,最低为0.80,7种信号中只有3种的主客观相关系数高于0.90.而当频率范围为50～15 000 Hz时,感知倒谱距离与主观评价的相关系数最大达到了0.96,最低为0.85,7种信号中有5种的主客观相关系数都高于0.90.从而得出了在频率成分个数较少的情况下,频率范围比频率间隔需要更优先考虑的结论.     

基于提升小波变换的MFCC在目标识别中的应用

水下环境噪声对被动声呐目标的分类识别影响显著,为了提高水声信号识别系统对环境噪声的鲁棒性,采用提升小波变换方法提取MFCC特征,对水下被动声呐目标进行分类和识别。仿真实验表明,与传统MFCC和小波变换的MFCC相比,在信噪比相近的情况下,提升小波变换方法提取MFCC具有识别率较高、对噪声鲁棒性较好的显著优点。     

基于神经网络由语音预测视位参数

语音是由多个发音器官共同作用产生的，发音器官动作与语音之间有着内在的必然联系．研究了利用神经网络预测视位参数中的选择语音参数、确定输入语音时域范围、优化神经网络结构等因素．实验结果表明，线性预测参数加短时能量优于其他语音参数，前向协同发音较后向协同发音影响更大，反馈对前馈神经网络的性能有所改善．考虑到实验采用的是任意连续语流，均方误差约为0．0114的实验结果还是很有吸引力的．     

基于线性预测残差倒谱的基音检测

传统的基音检测算法对含噪语音的检测结果较差,本文在线性预测倒谱方法的基础上采用基于线性预测残差倒谱的方法对含噪语音进行基音检测。实验结果表明,该方法使基音峰点更加清晰,提高了基音检测的精度。     

基于自回归倒谱法估计骨小梁间距

基于超声背散射信号，本文提出用自回归（AR）倒谱法来估计松质骨中骨小梁的间距。对牛胫骨和人离体跟骨松质骨中的超声背散射信号采用AR倒谱法进行了分析，并估计了牛胫骨和人离体跟骨中骨小梁的平均间距。结果表明，松质骨的密度与骨小梁的平均间距具有密切的关系，随松质骨表观密度的减小，骨小梁的平均间距增大，用AR倒谱能比较准确地估计出松质骨中骨小梁的平均间距。     

基于角域平均和倒阶次谱分析的齿轮箱故障诊断

本文研究旋转机械非稳态信号的分析方法。对等时间间隔采样的齿轮箱振动信号,利用插值算法实现角域重采样。为了抑制与工频无关的噪声信号以提高信噪比,对重采样信号进行了角域平均。将倒频分析引入阶次分析中,以检测出功率谱中难以辨识的周期性。以上方法成功地识别了齿根裂纹故障,说明了对旋转机械非稳态信号进行角域平均和倒阶次谱分析的可行性和有效性。