Modeling and monitoring of long-term acidification in an upland catchment of the Western Ore Mountains,SE Germany

Modeling and monitoring of acidification patterns in a limed forest catchment in the Ore Mountains, SE Germany are presented. A lumped-parameter model, MAGIC, satisfactorily reproduced the main parameters of stream water chemistry. Despite repeated whole-catchment liming, between 1993 and 1999 stream water pH increased from 4.3 to only 4.6, while calcium concentrations declined slightly. Stream water sulfate concentration declined from 687 to 396 microeq l(-1), and the pronounced effect of deposition decline during the 1990s was probably more important than liming.     

Examples of Recent Models in Environmental Impact Assessment

Models are being used extensively to study the impact on the environment of a wide range of man-made influences. These include land-use change (e.g. afforestation), effluent discharges, flood-relief channels, reservoir developments, atmospheric pollution and the impacts of agrochemicals. In this paper several models are described which are being used by the Institute of Hydrology for environmental impact assessment. These models include MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments), QUASAR (Quality Simulation Along Rivers) and a nitrogen simulation model for investigating the behaviour of nitrate in reservoirs.     

MAGIC抛光方法及其研究进展

MAGIC(MAGnetic Intelligent Compounds)是由包含磁性颗粒和磨粒的磁性流体固化形成的新型抛光材料。MAGIC中磁性颗粒形成的特殊排列可使磨粒均匀分布,因而MAGIC抛光可高效地获得小粗糙度的表面;另外,MAGIC可浇铸成形,故可用于复杂型面及狭小内表面的机械化抛光。简要介绍了MAGIC磨石的组成、制作方法、抛光效果以及目前的研究进展情况。     

CTA—A project for a new generation of Cherenkov telescopes

Gamma-rays provide a powerful insight into the non-thermal universe and perhaps a unique probe for new physics beyond the standard model. Current experiments are already giving results in the physics of acceleration of cosmic rays in supernova remnants, pulsar and active galactic nuclei with a 100 sources detected at very-high-energies so far. Despite its relatively recent appearance, very high-energy gamma-ray astronomy has proven to have reached a mature technology with fast assembling, relatively cheap and reliable telescopes. The goal of future installation is to increase the sensitivity by a factor 10 compared to current installations, and enlarge the energy domain from few 10s of GeV to a 100 TeV. Gamma-ray spectra of astrophysical origin are rather soft thus hardly one single size telescope can cover more than 1.5 decades in energy, therefore an array of telescopes of 2–3 different sizes is required. Hereafter, we present design considerations for a Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), a project for a new generation of highly automated telescopes for gamma-ray astronomy. The status of the project, technical solutions and an insight in the involved physics will be presented.     

8mm同轴扩展互作用振荡器（EIO）的粒子模拟研究

提出了一种新型同轴毫米波扩展互作用振荡器,并采用MAGIC粒子模拟软件对其进行数值模拟,分析了工作参数对输出功率的影响,获得了工作参数的优化值。模拟结果表明该器件在8 mm波段能产生频谱特性良好的功率为17.5 kW的微波输出。     

磁性智能混合体MAGIC中磁性颗粒分布的研究

磁性智能混合体MAGIC(magnetic intelligent compounds)是一种含有磁性颗粒、磨粒以及粘结剂的可固化的磁性抛光材料,其抛光性能很大程度受其中颗粒分布的影响.MAGIC颗粒分布的研究是MAGIC抛光体制备及其抛光性能研究的基础,通过试验方法深入研究外加磁场、颗粒浓度、颗粒大小对磁性智能混合体中颗粒分布的影响.研究发现,当外加磁场强度大、磁性颗粒粒径小、磁性颗粒浓度高时,磁性颗粒容易形成交叉链和团簇链分布;而外加磁场强度小、磁性颗粒粒径大、磁性颗粒浓度低时,磁性颗粒容易形成短链分布.     

In-memory designing of Delay and Toggle flip-flops utilizing Memristor Aided loGIC (MAGIC)

‘Computations inside Memory’ has become a latest area of research as ‘memory with computing skills’ accelerates the chances of developing ‘beyond-Von Neumann machines’, that is believed to be advantageous in terms of performance and energy-efficiency. ‘Memristors’ are considered as potential devices for building such memories, as they are highly dense, non-volatile scalable devices with faster switching times and lower energy dissipation and are also compatible with the existing CMOS-technology. Additionally, memristors fit in crossbar structure and can perform logic-computations, when different voltages are applied across them. Previously, various synthesis works have been reported for logic realization using memristors. But logic blocks, implemented using synthesis tools, are not always completely optimized. In this context, we present the alternative memristive-designs for the two most commonly used digital units—Delay (D) and Toggle (T) flip-flops. The proposed designs are based on Memristor Aided loGIC (MAGIC) design style and are specific to crossbar-based pure memristive-memories. A relevant simulation methodology is presented for simulating the proposed MAGIC-designs of D and T flip-flops in Cadence Virtuoso. Comparison with the existing designs of D, T flip-flops (using IMPLY) revealed that both the proposed D, T flip-flops are more performance-efficient (by 28.571%, 20% respectively) and more energy-efficient (by 83.873%, 82.905% respectively) than their corresponding IMPLY-peers. Also, the proposed D, T flip-flops are found to use reduced crossbar areas (by 46.667%, 45% respectively) relative to their counterparts generated using a recent synthesis technique, which makes the designs suitable for massive parallel executions inside memristive-memories of any size.     

旭日型相对论磁控管的三维模拟

用两种3 维全电磁PIC 方法对10 腔旭日型相对论磁控管进行数值模拟。首先用MAGIC 对管子进行模拟,模拟结果表明：当工作电压为634 kV、磁场为0.53T 时,通过模拟该磁控管得到频率为2.6 GHz、平均功率为1.91GW的微波输出,平均效率为16.9 %。接着基于CHIPIC 平台进行模拟,通过与MAGIC 模拟结果进行对比,验证了CHIPIC在相对论磁控管中模拟的可行性,只是发现CHIPIC 在傅里叶变化命令设置上有些问题,需要进一步完善。     

用三种软件仿真结构相似的收敛型皮尔斯电子枪

用软件仿真不同结构的电子枪时发现其结果的误差百分比较大，不易把握其误差规律，为了克服此缺点，本文用EGUN，ORION和MAGIC分别对24支结构相似（控制极和阳极均是圆头形）的皮尔斯电子枪进行了仿真，并将软件计算值与相应的实验值列表比较表明：①用EGUN与ORION这两种同类型软件仿真结构相似的电子枪时，它们的精度虽然也不同。但误差范围变化较小；②大型通用的电磁场分析软件MAGIC计算电子枪的结果虽然比专业的电子光学软件EGUN，ORION逊色，但有规律可循：导流系数普遍偏低约10％，注腰半径的精度较高，注腰位置基本准确。     

Proposal for Die Polishing Using a New Bonding Abrasive Type Grinding Stone: Development of MAGIC Grinding Stone

Although the full automation of die manufacturing has recently developed markedly, manual polishing is still necessary for die because precision dies have in general three-dimensionally complicated shapes. Complicated and narrow areas of the die are difficult to be polished with the conventional grinding stone. This study proposes a new bonding type grinding stone and introduces its manufacturing process and characteristics. Here, the new bonding type grinding stone is called MAGIC(MAGnetic Intelligent Compounds) grinding stone. MAGIC grinding stone has many advantages as follows: 1) Manufacturing such grinding stone that can follow die shapes using the shape transfer method is possible, 2) Grinding stones in which abrasive grains are uniformly dispersed can be manufactured using magnetic particles and a magnetic field, 3) It is possible to reshape the grinding stone by heating since the binder is made of a thermoplastic resin, 4) Every process can easily be carried out. Stabilized polishing characteristics using MAGIC grinding stone can be predicted from polishing experiment.