Monolithic SiGe Up‐/Down‐Conversion Mixers with Active Baluns

The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of monolithically matching circuits, interface circuits, and RF core circuits to the same substrate. We designed and fabricated on‐chip 1 to 6 GHz up‐conversion and 1 to 8 GHz down‐conversion mixers using a 0.8 µm SiGe hetero‐junction bipolar transistor (HBT) process technology. To fabricate a SiGe HBT, we used a reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition (RPCVD) system to grow a base epitaxial layer, and we adopted local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) isolation to separate the device terminals. An up‐conversion mixer was implemented on‐chip using an intermediate frequency (IF) matching circuit, local oscillator (LO)/radio frequency (RF) wideband matching circuits, LO/IF input balun circuits, and an RF output balun circuit. The measured results of the fabricated up‐conversion mixer show a positive power conversion gain from 1 to 6 GHz and a bandwidth of about 4.5 GHz. Also, the down‐conversion mixer was implemented on‐chip using LO/RF wideband matching circuits, LO/RF input balun circuits, and an IF output balun circuit. The measured results of the fabricated down‐conversion mixer show a positive power conversion gain from 1 to 8 GHz and a bandwidth of about 4.5 GHz.     

The sinuous antenna-A dual polarized feed for reflector-based searching systems

The sinuous antennas have a numerous applications in military and civil systems such as direction finding systems and reflector feeds due to their superior broadband characteristics and simultaneous polarization capability. In this paper, design, construction and measurements of planar sinuous antennas are investigated for 1–5 GHz frequency range. Feeding sections of this antenna are realized by using microstrip tapered baluns. We have determined the microstrip tapered balun dimensions using Ansoft HFSS-simulation program. The performances of the manufactured antenna are measured using HP vector network analyzer. Polarization patterns and return loss characteristics of the designed antenna that have been measured in anechoic chamber, are presented.     

一种变压器巴伦馈电的超短波紧耦合阵列天线

紧耦合阵列天线(Tightly Coupled Array, TCA)具有超宽带、低剖面、宽角扫描等特点,近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。然而,在甚高频(VHF)、特高频(UHF)频段TCA 由于馈电网络设计困难等原因现有的研究报道很少。为了填补这一空白,本文设计并测试了一款变压器巴伦馈电的TCA,利用变压器巴伦解决了单元平衡馈电困难问题,同时采用短路枝节抑制E面共模谐振,采用频率选择表面(FSS)匹配层改善宽角扫描阻抗匹配。实测结果表明,该天线在110~520 MHz 频带内、±40°扫描角范围内电压驻波比<2.5,和仿真结果吻合。     

一种加载铁氧体磁环的高功率宽带巴伦

针对高功率天线的差分馈电和阻抗匹配问题,文中提出了一种基于同轴线结构加载铁氧体磁环的宽 带巴伦模型。双同轴线具有阻抗变换功能和较好的功率承载能力,铁氧体磁环改善了巴伦在低频时的输入匹配和 两个输出端口不平衡度。仿真和实测表明,此巴伦在0. 05~1. 24 GHz 内回波损耗低于-10 dB,去除3. 0 dB 系统插损 后单端插入损耗在1. 5 dB 以内,两端输出的相位不平衡度在5°以内,幅度不平衡度在2%以内。通过分析巴伦的电 磁热损耗场、温度场和应力形变场,验证了巴伦在高功率馈电下的工作性能,结果表明此巴伦在工作频带内能够承 受500 W 的功率。     

Analysis of frequency‐selective impedance loading of transmission lines for dual‐band couplers

This article proposes an analytical design methodology for dual‐band hybrid couplers and baluns structures for any arbitrary frequency ratio using a stub‐loaded transmission line. An analysis of changing the impedance behavior of the stub, is carried out for the two bands of operation, which along with a dispersive analysis, emphasizes certain conditions where the existing methodology is not applicable. In addition, an extra degree of freedom has been included to increase the solutions for a given frequency ratio, thus providing greater flexibility and feasibility of the proposed structure. The design methodology is experimentally validated with the design and fabrication of dual‐band branch‐line and rat‐race couplers for various commercial frequency bands. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE , 2011.     

测量平衡器件混合模S参数的数学巴伦法

由于传统网络分析仪各测量端口都是单端的,无法通过直接测量得到平衡器件混合模散射参数(S参数).数学巴伦法是一种数学上的处理方法,在实际测量时将每个差分端口的两端分别与地看作一个单端(非平衡)端口,用普通网络分析仪测量出多端口非平衡S参数,再经过数学处理得到平衡器件的混合模S参数,而不需外加物理巴伦.文章给出了数学巴伦法的基本理论,推导了混合模S参数与实测非平衡多端口S参数之间的关系,以一个双定向耦合器作为例验证了理论的正确性,所得混合模S参数处理结果与直接测量结果吻合很好.     

一种应用于WiMAX协议的全集成3.5GHzCMOS功率驱动放大器

A fully integrated CMOS differential power amplifier driver(PAD) is proposed for WiMAX applications. In order to fulfill the differential application requirements,a transmission line transformer is used as the output matching network.A differential inductance constitutes an inter-stage matching network.Meanwhile,an on chip balun realizes input matching as well as single-end to differential conversion.The PAD is fabricated in a 0.13μm RFCMOS process.The chip size is 1.1×1.1 mm~2 with all of the matching network integrated on chip. The saturated power is around 10 dBm and power gain is about 12 dB.     

高集成度射频收发器的差分正交调制解调测试与工程实现

针对高集成度射频收发器(AD9361)实现差分正交调制解调(DQPSK)收发过程中存在的工程实现问题,采用理论分析与硬件平台实现相结合的方法测试AD9361,验证DQPSK调制解调;先通过Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI)接口测试AD9361自发自收,采用点积叉积方法实现了DQPSK的调制解调;配置AD9361过程中,通过测试定位初始化后AD9361输出端无波形、通过示波器观察发现AD9361发射与接收本振时域波形扭曲、频谱仪观察AD9361输出端谐波分量严重、DQPSK解调时发射本振与接收本振存在随机相位误差4个疑难问题,分别通过采用降低SPI时钟频率为10 MHz、AD9361芯片的系统时钟更改设置为40 MHz、初始化过程中输出端频率设置为1.4 GHz、DQPSK的解调采用点积叉积方式进行解调4种方法予以解决;实验结果表明4个相关问题解决效果良好,所实现的DQPSK收发性能可靠。     

一种小型化带通滤波微带巴伦设计

提出一种小型化带通滤波微带巴伦的设计。在Marchand巴伦的基础上,使用一个半波长和两个1/4波长传输线作为谐振器,在带通滤波微带巴伦的两个输出端口可以获得相同幅度和相反相位的平衡信号。利用谐振器平行线耦合可以观察到通带两侧存在两个传输零点。对提出的中心工作频率在2.65 GHz的带通滤波微带巴伦进行了实物加工与测试。两个输出端口信号幅度差与相位差分别为±0.4 dB和180°±5°。仿真与测量结果有较好的一致性,验证了本文所提方案的可行性。     

Wideband LC balun transformer using coupled LC resonators embedded into organic substrate

In this paper, wideband LC balun using coupled LC resonator has been newly designed, simulated, and fabricated. The proposed balun has a novel scheme which consists of two pairs of coupled embedded LC resonators which share one resonator with each other. The coupled resonators are applied to provide a precise phase difference of 180° and an identical magnitude between two balanced ports and DC isolation characteristic with impedance transformation. Furthermore, proposed resonators have relatively small inductance values which can be easily embedded into the organic package substrate. In order to reduce the size of embedded capacitors, BTO composite high dielectric film was applied to increase their capacitance densities. The measured results of fabricated wideband balun exhibited an insertion loss of 1.8 dB, a return loss of 10 dB, a phase imbalance of 0.5°, and magnitude imbalance of 0.7 dB at frequency bandwidth of 700 MHz ranged from 1.8 to 2.5 GHz, respectively. They agreed well with the simulated ones. The fabricated balun has a relatively small volume of 2 mm×3.5 mm×0.66 mm (height).