The effects of trust and constructive controversy on student achievement and attitude in online cooperative learning environments

This study investigated the effects of trust and constructive controversy on student achievement and attitude in online cooperative learning environments. Students in one university course were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups after they took part in a common initial workshop on general cooperative learning skills. The “trust” and the “constructive controversy” groups received subsequent associated skills training. The overall results indicated that after each group received the treatment during online cooperative group activities, the “trust” groups had significantly higher achievement than the “constructive controversy” groups. In addition, the “trust” groups had significantly more positive attitudes toward online cooperative learning than the “constructive controversy” groups. Specifically, using “trust” building strategies was significantly more effective than using “constructive controversy” strategies for improving the ‘openness and sharing’ and ‘acceptance and support’ components of student attitudes in online cooperative learning environments.     

David W. Johnson: Award for Distinguished Contributions of Applications of Psychology to Education and Training.

Provides the biography of David W. Johnson and announces that he has won the Award for Distinguished Contributions of Applications of Psychology to Education and Training for programmatic research, comprehensive research reviews, and revision of theory over four decades of persistence that have provided the knowledge foundation for cooperative learning, constructive controversy, conflict resolution, and peer mediation training. A selected bibliography is also provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Camelot" and psychological tests: An introductory note.

Author introduces articles regarding public concern about the uses of psychological tests that continue to cause bitter controversy, as well as issues surrounding "Project Camelot", which in 1965, would have been the largest single integrated project in the entire history of social science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

“诗哲之争”视域中的《伊索寓言》翻译

《伊索寓言》自明末被利玛窦部分地译入中国起,至林纾的译本,被一再改写以传达神学或童蒙教育的主张;直到周作人,反对将文学服务于外在教化的目的。文章认为周作人之所以一反前译作法而提出这一主张,独立文学观是构成他翻译的策略性原因,是将西方反逻各斯思潮以反文以载道的形式在中国语境下展开。这些译者无论是执着于道,还是执着于文,其翻译实践及效果恰恰与其主张相背离。文章通过这些不同译本,浅析译者受限的主体性空间。     

Conflict resolution effectiveness on the implementation efficiency and achievement of business objectives in IT programs: A study of IT vendors

ContextThe information technology (IT) field presents a unique context for the management of multiple projects because of the variety of stakeholders involved, the complexity of interdependencies among projects, and the frequent use of external vendors. In practice, IT vendors typically employ advanced project governance techniques such as program management to work effectively with the numbers and variety of clients while still pursuing the benefits of a single oversight. These structural features lend themselves to conflict across teams with individual requirements. However, little research exists on program management, much less in the IT context, that represents conflict across IT project teams.ObjectiveIn this study, the effectiveness of conflict resolution on the implementation efficiency and fulfillment of business objectives is studied through the lens of constructive controversy theories. A number of hypotheses are derived by tailoring the constructive conflict resolution concepts to IT context and making a comprehensive literature review to identify the mediator and dependent variables. A model is developed to consider the management of conflict across multiple projects combined into a single program.MethodA quantitative questionnaire related to the program environment was developed for five variables to include conflict resolution, cognition-based trust, interpersonal cooperation, business objectives and implementation efficiency. The hypotheses were tested by performing a survey study, where a number of well-established measures in the literature were used. 92 paired responses from program teams in 38 organizations located in India were obtained and represent a variety of individual characteristics, and program sizes.ResultsThis study identified the composite role of constructive conflict resolution and cognition-based trust in improving interpersonal cooperation. The impacts of constructive conflict resolution on business objectives were not fully mediated by cognition-based trust and interpersonal cooperation, although implementation efficiency is fully mediated.ConclusionThe management of conflict promotes trust and interpersonal cooperation necessary to improve the efficient completion of the program and benefits to the organization.     

从一案例看规划政策意图与实效的背离现象

本文从经济学家张五常先生的“露宿街头还是有屋可住———租务条例宣称的意图与实际效果“的实证研究为切入点 ,反思了城市规划政策中出现的政策意图与实效背离的三个具体现象 ,提出城市规划的研究方法不仅需要规范研究 ,更应该重视实证研究 ,城市公共政策和建议应该以确凿的实证分析为基础     

论“反向域名侵夺”的认定标准及其存在的理论基础

本文以国内外立法为基础，结合相关的案例，探讨了反向域名侵夺的认定标准，并从法学理论的层面，论述了该项制度存在的基础和实践意义。     

预制分支电缆标准的现状与探讨

该文介绍了预制分支电缆日本标准、英国标准和国内标准的发展动态,详细描述了近几年来国内相关标准制订的现状,指出了目前存在的一些争议。     

L'aliénation parentale: Un bilan des connaissances et des controverses.

Parental alienation, sometimes described as a "syndrome," refers to situations where a child rejects a previously loved parent under the influence of his or her other parent. Such cases are typically observed in the context of separation and divorce, especially when ex-spouses are still in conflict. This phenomenon has instigated many controversies between experts in the forensic, social, and mental health fields. Given the conceptual confusion characterizing parental alienation and the lack of valid and reliable tools to assess its presence, very few empirical studies have been performed in this field and knowledge is still fragmented. For instance, it is difficult to assess the scope of the phenomenon and to get a fair idea of its aetiology. This paper provides an overview of the main controversies surrounding parental alienation and summarizes what is known about it. It concludes that a more ecological viewpoint should guide the development of research and practice in this field. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On not "giving psychology away": The Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory and public controversy over testing in the 1960s.

Psychological tests, especially the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, became the center of public controversy and Congressional scrutiny during the 1960s. This unwanted attention actually helped American psychologists more than they imagined. Assisted by those on Capitol Hill, psychologists were able to defend their science in a manner that avoided imposed forms of public accountability. Social questions were reformulated as technical problems. The need to adjust intelligence and aptitude tests reinforced psychologists' control over them. Conversely, personality tests were not made more transparent and nonintrusive, unless psychologists thought these changes were scientifically necessary. This episode prompted tighter regulation of test use and demonstrated that traditional forms of testing were far too important to popularize and "give away." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)