仪器仪表产品脉冲耐压试验要求和保护器件的选择

仪器仪表产品的脉冲耐压试验是产品型式试验、例行试验中的基本内容。通过对GB4793.1标准的整理,归纳了仪器仪表产品的脉冲耐压试验要求。通过对试验方法和设备特性的梳理,总结了特性参数,并介绍了应对脉冲耐压试验可采取的保护器件的类别及选用方法。     

海河流域河道外生态需水研究

水土流失是海河流域较为突出的生态环境问题之一。经对比研究发现，植被覆盖度的变化会通过影响洪充量，土壤侵蚀量等因子，进而改变水土流失的状况。从提高植被覆盖度尤其是低覆盖度草地植被的角度出发，定量研究了为改善流域水土流失状况河道外生态需水的具体数额，得出海河流域现状年河道外生态耗水（降水）385亿m^3。另外，为改善河道外生态环境状况将低覆盖度草地提高地提高至中等覆盖度水平，则需要增加生态需水12．5亿m^3。     

美国国家公园申报准则及审议程序

本文所讲述的是美国国家公园服务中心在评估申请提案、制定审查方案过程中所应用的各种标准和准则 ,同时也列出了一些认识、保护未列入国家公园体系中其他重要资源的途径和方法。     

智能钻井电缆信号传输的研究现状及难点

目前，钻井中井下检测信号的传输主要运用泥浆脉冲、电磁波等方式。随着井深的增加、复杂结构井和欠平衡井的增多以及对传输速度要求的提高，电缆信号传输必然是今后智能钻井的发展方向。通过对半个多世纪来各类电缆信号传输的设计进行归类，详细介绍了其设计原理，提出了电缆信号传输设计的基本要求与难点。     

The role of the American Board of Professional Psychology in professional mobility.

This article describes the role of certification by the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) in easing the process by which psychologists move beyond their original jurisdictional boundaries to practice psychology. Meeting the requirements for licensure or certification in the various jurisdictions can be a difficult task because these requirements vary considerably from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Other mechanisms that are available to facilitate this process include the Certificate of Professional Qualification in Psychology issued by the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards and certification by the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology. The ABPP certificate/diploma has been regarded by many state psychological associations and state boards of psychology as an appropriate way in which to recognize psychologists who are eligible for licensure/certification in a jurisdiction because of the examination requirements for board certification. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contemporary approaches to certification of measurement provision software

Contemporary approaches to the certification of measurement provision software are considered in domestic and overseas publications. Normative documentation is analyzed and a scheme is proposed for certification that takes account of the features of programs used for metrological purposes. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 65–68, May, 2007.     

Service life planning and performance requirements

Service life planning comprises a model for the determination of a reasonable expected service life for buildings and components, and it establishes a routine for the assessment of design alternatives. A design option is considered reasonable when it meets or exceeds performance requirements over time that have been drawn up specifically for the specific project. Due to this assessment reference, there is a very evident link to the concept of performance-based building. Any stakeholder involved in the value chain or in the design process of the building, as well as regulators and building users, can express performance requirements. Identified requirements, both in relevance and in quality, will vary with the stakeholder and his/her perspective of interest. As building sector manufacturers develop most products with reference to standards rather than with reference to specific requirements, there is no direct link from user requirements to the product design. Instead, the building designer has the responsibility to ensure performance requirements are met by the performance of products integrated into the design. As these design decisions also have to be made at the material and component level, a performance-based building would benefit from an established rationale that enables the communication of performance requirements across the relevant system levels in the relevant design processes. A path for the connection of the established concepts of service life planning and performance-based building is presented. The aim is to identify key elements that need to be developed for the successful linkage of performance-based building with service life planning.     

面向软件动态演化的需求建模及其模型规范化

针对目前需求工程阶段对软件动态演化考虑不足的现状,在分析软件动态演化面临的挑战的基础上,设计了面向动态演化的需求元模型(dynamic-evolution-orientedrequi rements meta-model,DERM)。该元模型以特征为基本部件,按特征组合的方式建立需求模型,需求模型由行为特征和属性特征组成。行为特征被区分为计算行为特征和交互行为特征,以实现计算和交互的相对隔离;属性特征通过其作用域,指定其在行为特征模型中的作用范围,从而将行为特征模型和属性特征模型统一为需求模型。在此基础上,讨论了需求模型的参照完整性、依赖一致性和互斥一致性,并进一步把需求模型规范化为需求模型第一范式到第三范式,需求模型规范化的过程提供了一种保证需求模型一致性的方法。最后通过案例研究,表明了该方法的可行性及其对软件动态演化的有效支持。     

用例驱动技术在需求获取过程中的应用

需求获取是软件开发过程中非常重要的环节,它贯穿于整个软件生命周期。针对系统客户和开发人员由于认识问题角度和知识的差异而存在的需求获取障碍,提出了一种基于用例的需求获取方法。该方法以用户和任务为中心,设计了一个用户需求描述模板,引导用户填写需求描述信息,开发人员利用用例驱动技术对需求描述信息进行分析和验证,最终获取全面和准确的参与者和用例信息。该构建过程不仅为构造用例图和类图奠定了基础,而且也使软件工程活动更加规范。