基于机器视觉技术的水表新型检定方法

将机器视觉技术应用到水表检定系统中,通过固定在被检水表上方的高速高分辨率摄像机,动态获取运行中的水表图像,用颜色特征和背景高斯拟合建模结合的算法实现水表指针的准确定位,将图像实时转换成数字读数,并解决水珠、气泡等对读数干扰的问题,实现水表高效率全自动检定。     

A model- and simulation-based approach for tolerancing and verifying the functional capability of micro/nano-structured workpieces

The evaluation of functional features of manufactured workpieces is based on GO- and NO-GO-test results, which are obtained by comparing measured geometric characteristics with nominal dimensions and tolerances specified by the designer. These geometrical specifications are based on a tolerancing system, which was originally defined for the function mating capability. Against the background of upcoming lots of other new functions (like reduction of flow resistance, light absorption, reduction of friction, diffraction of light, self-cleaning or mass transmission) are to be realized with our products – particularly by micro- and nano scaled features. If the verification process will deliver the prediction of the achievable degree of functionality, the usability of a part can be assessed more accurately and in consequence quality and economics can be improved. So, a new principle for tolerancing and verifying turns out to be necessary. In this paper the fundamental deficit of the actual tolerancing and specification systems GPS and ASME Y14.5 is derived and the path for enlarging the system by preposing a functional model is shown. To verify the functional capability of the workpieces an approach based on simulations done with the parameterized mathematical–physical model of the function is suggested. Advantages of this approach will be discussed and demonstrated by examples with microstructured inking rolls, crankshafts and injection valves.     

Refractive index of soft contact lens materials measured in packaging solution and standard phosphate buffered saline and the effect on back vertex power calculation

PurposeTo measure the refractive index (RI) of commonly available soft contact lens (CL) materials, their packaging solutions and compare to the manufacturers’ nominal RI. The relationship between RI versus water content, and the effect of inaccurate RI when converting lens power measured in solution to in-air back vertex power were examined.MethodsThe RI of 18 single vision soft CL materials were measured using CLR 12–70 digital refractometer. Three lenses of each material were measured, in their packaging solution and then after soaking in standard phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The RIs of packaging solution were also measured. Accuracy requirements for correct wet to dry power conversion based on thick lens formula were projected.ResultsThe standard deviation between three samples was less than 0.005. The measured RI ranged from 1.3744 ± 0.001–1.4265 ± 0.0004 for PBS soaked and from 1.3739 ± 0.0003–1.4264 ± 0.0024 for packaging solution soaked materials. Comparing nominal with mean measured PBS and packaging solution RIs, 5 and 3 lens materials, respectively, fell outside ISO tolerance. The packaging solution RI of DailiesAquaComfortPlus had the largest difference of 0.0040, compared to RI of standard PBS. For converting lens power measured in PBS to in-air power, the difference between measured and nominal RI of 0.0104 would result in wrongly calculated in-air power 0.99 D for a -6.00 D lens.ConclusionThe CLR 12–70 is reliable and accurate refractometer for the measurement of soft CL materials. Accurate RI measurements are of relevance with increased use of wavefront sensors to measure lens power while they are immersed in solution. Even small errors in solution or material RI can lead to significant errors in converted in-air power. To obtain valid in-air lens power results, measurement conditions must match the material and solution RIs used for the conversion.     

Study and characterization of porous copper oxide produced by electrochemical anodization for radiometric heat absorber

The aim of this work is to optimize the different parameters for realization of an absorbing cavity to measure the incident absolute laser energy. Electrochemical oxidation is the background process that allowed the copper blackening. A study of the blackened surface quality was undertaken using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis and ultraviolet-visible-infrared spectrophotometry using a Shimadzu spectrophotometer. A two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization by AFM of the formed oxide coating showed that the copper surfaces became porous after electrochemical etching with different roughness. This aspect is becoming more and more important with decreasing current density anodization. In a 2 mol L ^-1 of NaOH solution, at a temperature of 90°C, and using a 16 mA cm² constant density current, the copper oxide formed has a reflectivity of around 3% in the spectral range between 300 and 1,800 nm. Using the ‘mirage effect’ technique, the obtained Cu₂O diffusivity and thermal conductivity are respectively equal to (11.5 ± 0.5) 10 to 7 m² s^-1 and (370 ± 20) Wm^-1 K^-1. This allows us to consider that our Cu₂O coating is a good thermal conductor. The results of the optical and thermal studies dictate the choice of the cavity design. The absorbing cavity is a hollow cylinder machined to its base at an angle of 30°. If the included angle of the plane is 30° and the interior surface gives specular reflection, an incoming ray parallel to the axis will undergo five reflections before exit. So the absorption of the surface becomes closely near 0.999999.     

Geometrical metrology for metal additive manufacturing

The needs, requirements, and on-going and future research issues in geometrical metrology for metal additive manufacturing are addressed. The infrastructure under development for specification standards in AM is presented, and the research on geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing for AM is reviewed. Post-process metrology is covered, including the measurement of surface form, texture and internal features. In-process requirements and developments in AM are discussed along with the materials metrology that is pertinent to geometrical measurement. Issues of traceability, including benchmarking artefacts, are presented. The information in the review sections is summarized in a synthesis of current requirements and future research topics.     

钢丝绳缺陷的微磁无损检测技术研究

为了探讨微磁检测技术在钢丝绳无损探伤领域的应用,采用有限元法,分析了无外加磁场激励状态下利用钢丝绳自身剩余磁场实现断丝缺陷检测的可行性。计算了钢丝绳缺陷处及周围空气中的漏磁场强度、分布规律及可测性;论述了地磁场的影响,为微磁检测技术提供了理论依据。通过对钢丝绳微磁检测方法的实验研究,得出了不同断丝状态下漏磁场的检测结果及变化规律。给出了钢丝绳金属截面损失与检测系统输出量的函数关系,验证了微磁无损探伤技术的可行性与可靠性。     

为检测微弱周期信号对二次采样随机共振相关参数的研究

分析了二次采样随机共振中涉及到的重要参数采样频率和二次采样频率,结合理论推导与仿真,得出了这两个参数对系统输出效果的具体影响,同时分析了造成这些影响的原因,提出了这两个参数选取的方法,为更好地应用二次采样随机共振检测微弱周期信号提供了依据。     

维生素K_1冻干标准物质的研制

采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)作为冻干标准物质的溶剂,以重量法准确配制维生素K_1/DMSO溶液,再进行分装、冷冻干燥,经定性分析、定值分析、均匀性检验、稳定性考察和不确定度评定,研制了维生素K_1冻干标准物质。以维生素K_1纯度标准物质溶液为校准品,对得到的冻干物质进行了高效液相色谱法定值分析,冻干标准物质的准确定值结果为0.96 mg/mL,相对扩展不确定度为7%。建立的维生素K_1冻干标准物质研制方法,对于临床检验中维生素K_1的准确测定和相关疾病的正确诊断治疗以及维生素K_1长期保存具有重要意义。     

分块特征匹配与局部差分结合的运动目标检测

针对摄像机在运动情况下运动目标检测问题的研究,提出了一种尺度不变特征变换图像分块特征匹配和局部差分算法相结合的运动目标检测方法。该方法不仅可以减少图像配准参数求解所需要的时间,弥补全局运动补偿对图像完整性的影响,并且可以在摄像机运动的情况下准确地检测出运动目标。实验证明了该方案的有效性。     

轴类偏心零件偏心量测量方法及探测头误差分析研究

针对机械轴类偏心零件偏心量测量问题,提出了一种基于反转法和最小二乘法的偏心量测量方法。分析了影响测量精度的主要因素,并重点研究了探测头测量位置对测量精度的影响。通过对机器人关节减速器中偏心轴零件进行数字模拟,对不同测量位置下偏心量的测量结果和测量误差进行了分析,并给出了其测量误差曲线,为实际测量过程中提高测量精度提供一定的技术支撑。