岩石直接拉伸破坏中的能量耗散及损伤特征

采用新近发展起来的拉伸式Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ冲击装置（ＳＨＴＢ），成功地实现了对岩石试样的动态直接拉伸加载。利用圆柱形拉伸强度试样和切口圆柱拉伸断裂试样，并结合静态拉伸实验设备ＭＴＳ材料试验机，进行了岩石的动态拉伸强度、动态拉伸断裂、静态拉伸强度、静态拉伸断裂共４种情况下的拉伸破坏实验，并将这４种实验条件下的拉伸破坏试样沿其纵剖面剖开，利用光学显微镜观察岩石在其纵剖面上的破坏特征。观察表明，岩石拉伸破坏所消耗的能量与岩石破坏时所形成的内部损伤有着十分密切的联系。     

Dynamic characteristics of adhesive bonded high strength steel joints

Abstract

With an increase in the use of advanced high strength steels in vehicle architectures, materials joining issues have become increasingly important. Among the various joining methods, adhesive bonding is increasingly used in automobile manufacturing. Successful implementation of adhesive bonding to improve structural crashworthiness and reduce vehicle weight requires the knowledge of issues related not only to processing but also to joint performance. In this study, the impact strength of adhesive bonded high strength steel joints is evaluated with the split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) technique. The influences of loading speed and thickness of the steels on the shear strength of the joints were examined. Comparative quasi-static lap shear tests were also conducted on a tensile testing machine. Test results showed that strength and energy absorption of bonded steel joints increase with loading speed, and is greatly affected by the thickness of the steels. As the loading rates are increased to 1100 s^–1 (i.e. 20 m s^–1), bonded 0·75 mm thick DP600 steel shows a 152% increase in strength and an 83% increase in energy absorption when compared to its quasi-static values. Examination of the impact tested specimens showed the failure mode changes from coarse cohesive mode to fine cohesive mode with increasing loading speed. The results from this study will provide the information for a better understanding of impact failure mechanisms of adhesive bonded high strength steels.     

岩石动态拉伸断裂特性的实验研究

采用新近发展起来的拉伸式Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ冲击装置（ＳＨＴＢ），对岩石切口圆柱断裂试样进行了动态拉伸断裂特性的实验研究。同时，利用ＭＴＳ试验机进行了岩石的静态拉伸断裂实验，成功地获得了岩石试样的断裂韧度及断裂能随加载率而变化的实验结果。对静态和动态破坏后的试样断口进行的扫描电镜观察进一步表明，试样断口形貌的复杂程度与其断裂耗能有着十分密切的联系。     

二维C/SiC复合材料在冲击拉伸下的损伤过程

利用分离式霍普金森拉杆实验装置(SHTB)和超高速照相机,对二维C/SiC复合材料进行了冲击拉伸力学性能实验研究,同时结合其宏观力学行为,分析了在冲击拉伸载荷作用下的损伤破坏过程。结果表明:材料的应力-应变曲线呈明显的非线性特征,其内部损伤破坏和裂纹扩展过程分为四个阶段:损伤积累于第一阶段,裂纹起源于第二阶段,屈服失效于第三个阶段,快速扩展于第四个阶段。     

An Experimental Technique on the Dynamic Strength of Adhesively Bonded Single Lap Joints

This paper reported an experimental technique on the shear strength of adhesively bonded single lap joints subjected to impact loads by means of a split Hopkinson tensile bar. The experiments were conducted at two velocities (V = 20 m/s, 7 m/s) and testing temperatures ranging from ?40°C to 80°C. The results indicated that the shear strength of the specimen decreased with the increase of temperature and increased with the increase of velocity. The strength degradation from room temperature to high temperature was more severe than that from low temperature to room temperature. The effects of the pins, thermal stress and peel stress were also examined and found to have limited effects on the determination of the shear strength of the joints. It was concluded that the shear strength of the adhesively bonded single lap joints under impact loads can be determined by this experimental technique.     

Ti—47Al—2Mn—2Nb—0.8TiB2合金的动态拉伸性能

采用自制的Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ拉杆装置,在２０＾－１０＾３ｓ＾－１应变速率范围内了近全片层组织Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ－２Ｎｂ－０．８ＴｉＢ２合金的拉伸力学性能。发现动态强度明显高于静态强度,前者与应变速度之间遵循线性关系,后者遵循半对数线性关系;室温塑性随应变速率变化而波动,变化范围不大。     

基于ANSYS的霍普金森拉杆装置设计研究

分离式霍普金森拉杆(Split Hopkinson Tension Bar,SHTB)装置被广泛用于研究材料的动态抗拉力学性能,对SHTB来说,入射拉伸波的峰值大小、脉冲时长及脉冲升时等直接关系拉伸实验结果的准确性.目前尚无系统性地对入射拉伸波的产生尤其是实验装置中各部件的尺寸对入射波波形影响的研究.采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件对SHTB实验装置中入射波产生过程的波形叠加、幅值等问题进行数值分析,为改进SHTB实验装置提供了设计依据.     

一种碳纤维织物增强复合材料的层间冲击拉伸力学性能实验研究

为获得一种碳纤维二维正交平纹机织布增强树脂基复合材料准静态和动态下的层间拉伸力学性能,对垂直于碳布平面方向 ( 横向),分别利用Instron试验机和SHTB实验技术,进行了准静态拉伸和动态拉伸实验。得到了从低应变率 (10-3/s) 到较高应变率 (约3×102/s) 下的拉伸应力-应变曲线和拉伸强度。通过分析发现,拉伸破坏总是发生在相邻铺层的层间界面处,层间拉伸模量和拉伸强度都具有一定的应变率强化效应,但是层间拉伸破坏应变几乎不存在应变率效应。      

Effect of low temperature exposure on impact characteristics of epoxy bonded high strength steels

Abstract

In the development of vehicle structures, the proper selection of adhesives to bond the steels is important for safety of operation. In this study, toughened epoxy was tested for the ability to bond steels developed for low temperature use. Lap shear bonded DP600 and DP780 steel joints were prepared and tested in open air at ambient temperature and inside an environmental chamber at ?40°C respectively using a split Hopkinson tensile bar machine. The impact properties of bulk adhesive at ?40°C were also measured. It was found that the exposure of joints to a ?40°C environment had little influence on impact strength and energy absorption. Scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces indicates differences in fracture paths and interfacial regions for the ?40°C exposed specimens. Changes in the interphase region caused by low temperature exposure may contribute to an increased susceptibility of the adhesive joint to bond degradation.     

Ti—47Al—2Mn—2Nb合金低温静态和动态拉伸性能及硼的影响

采用常规拉伸和Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ拉杆技术,研究具有近全片层组织形变Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ－２Ｎｂ合金１８０Ｋ下静态和动态拉伸性能及其受硼的影响。发现Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ－２Ｎｂ和Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ－２Ｎｂ－１Ｂ合金１８０Ｋ下的拉伸强度均比室温度。