Synthesis of non-agglomerating submicron/nano-Yb2Si2O7 powders by a carbon-coated coprecipitation method

We herein report a novel carbon-coated coprecipitation method to synthesize non-agglomerating submicron/nano-β-Yb₂Si₂O₇ powders. Yb(C₂H₃O₂)₃·4H₂O and silica sol (alkaline) were chosen as the ytterbium source and silicon source, respectively. A carbon surface layer is processed using sucrose as carbon source to hinder the contact and sintering of β-Yb₂Si₂O₇ particles during heat treatment under a protective atmosphere, and then the carbon layer could be completely removed by inletting air at 900°C during cooling process. The as-synthesized Yb₂Si₂O₇ powders demonstrate an average size of 271 nm with a narrow distribution of 142–531 nm. The results show that the carbon layer could successfully solve the severe agglomeration or sintering of nanometer β-Yb₂Si₂O₇ particles during the calcination process. The as-developed carbon-coated coprecipitation technique is an effective method to fabricate high purity submicron/nano-Yb₂Si₂O₇ powders.     

加料方式对共沉淀法制备的Cu/MnO/Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备Cu/MnO/Al₂O₃催化剂,运用N₂吸附-脱附、XRD、XRF和H₂-TPR等对其进行表征,并用于乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇反应,考察共沉淀加料方式对催化剂结构及其催化性能的影响。结果表明,共沉淀时采用的加料方式显著影响制备的Cu/MnO/Al₂O₃催化剂的织构性质、CuO晶粒大小、还原性能和化学组成,这些因素共同作用决定了催化剂在乙酸甲酯加氢反应中的催化性能。其中,反加法制得的催化剂Cu和Mn组分含量相对比值接近理论值,且具有较高的比表面积和较佳的还原性能,因而表现出最佳的催化性能,在反应温度200 ℃、压力6.5 MPa、空速0.6 h^-1和氢酯物质的量比50条件下,乙酸甲酯转化率和乙醇选择性分别达98.9%和98.1%。     

1,4-丁炔二醇二段加氢Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂的研究

采用共沉淀法制备负载量为15%(质量分数)的1,4-丁炔二醇二段加氢Ni/Al2O3催化剂。考察反应温度、压力、时间、pH值和转速等因素对1,4-丁炔二醇二段加氢反应的影响。实验结果表明,在反应温度125℃、转速1 100r/min、反应时间3.6h、反应液pH值6.0、压力4.0MPa条件下,所制备的催化剂具有较好的活性,其收率达到90%。     

含钴废水处理方法及其研究进展

介绍了目前国内外含钴废水的主要处理方法,包括氢氧化物沉淀法、硫化物沉淀法、铁氧体沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换树脂法、溶剂萃取法、膜分离法、生物法等,分析了每种方法的优、缺点及其应用情况,指出多种处理技术的组合工艺将是含钴废水处理的新方向。     

Simultaneous oxidation of aromatic compounds using Sr-doped lanthanum manganites as catalysts

Strontium-doped lanthanum manganites, La_1-xSr_xMnO₃ (LSMO), are promising and affordable catalysts for oxidative degradation of volatile organic compounds. LSMO catalysts (x = 0, .1, .2, and .3) were prepared by the citrate-nitrate autocombustion (CNA) and coprecipitation synthesis. The phase composition was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement analysis, while the oxygen content was determined by Mohr's salt permanganate titration. Morphology and porosity of prepared catalysts was correlated to catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene. It was observed that both synthesis methods yielded catalysts of similar average pore size diameter and specific surface area, but the pore size distribution differed: CNA-prepared catalysts had a multimodal pore size distribution, while the coprecipitated ones had a single maximum at 4 nm. Catalysts prepared by the CNA method have shown a higher catalytic activity in the temperature range 373–723 K, as the presence of Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ mixed valences increased their reducibility.     

Synthesis of high crystalline nickel‐iron hydrotalcite‐like compound as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

The nickel‐iron hydroxide‐like catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is prepared by an improved coprecipitation method. The crystallization degree of hydrotalcite‐like compound is high, and the lamellar structure is homogeneous with no agglomeration, which helps to build efficient mass‐transfer layer channel of OH^? ions. The NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) electrode shows good performance and stability for OER. The potential of NiFe LDH/CNTs electrode is only 0.592 V (vs HgO/Hg) at 200 mA·cm^?2 in 6 mol·L^?1 potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte, which shows excellent catalytic activity for OER. The NiFe LDH/CNTs electrode works continuously for 620 hours at 200 mA·cm^?2, with the groove voltage only rises 0.1 V.     

Synthesis of copper hexacyanoferrate nanoflake as a cathode for sodium-ion batteries

Prussian blue analogues are considered as the promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries. Since the electrochemical properties are closely related to the morphology, the monodisperse copper hexacyanoferrate nanoflakes with highly crystalline are synthesized by a glycol-assisted coprecipitation method and a tentative synthetic mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of nanostructures. The structure and electrochemical properties are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FTIR spectra and galvanostatic cycle tests, respectively. Due to the novel architecture of copper hexacyanoferrate, a high electrochemical activity is obtained, resulting a high initial coulombic efficiency of 93%, a capacity retention of 73% at 1?C after 300 cycles and 51?mAh?g^?1 is maintained at high rate of 15?C at 25?°C.     

Microstructure and synthesis mechanism of dysprosia-stabilized zirconia nanocrystals via chemical coprecipitation

In this study, zirconia (ZrO₂) and dysprosia-stabilized zirconia (DySZ) nanocrystals were synthesized using a chemical coprecipitation method. The crystal structure and micromorphology of the as-synthesized powders, as well as the structural evolution from precursors to oxides were investigated, and the synthesis mechanism was also examined. Results show that pure ZrO₂ powders mainly comprise the monoclinic ZrO₂ phase with trace tetragonal ZrO₂, while the DySZ powders exhibit a tetragonal ZrO₂ structure. In addition, the crystal growth rate of DySZ is far slower than that of the pure ZrO₂ under elevated calcination temperature. The addition of Dy could significantly improve the phase stability of DySZ powder and effectively inhibit the crystal growth of DySZ. In the DySZ precursor, the binding energy of chemical bonds is significantly difference than in the ZrO₂ precursor. A composite hydroxide can be formed with -Zr-OH-Dy- and -Zr-OH-Zr- units in the tetramer structure because of the in-situ substitution of Zr by Dy atoms. Both the ZrO₂ and DySZ precursors exhibit analogous dehydration and crystallization behaviours in calcination process. Dy-doping plays a significant role in stabilizing both the intermediate product and the DySZ crystal.     

锑掺杂二氧化锡固溶体形成作用机制研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了Sn1-xSbxO2(x=0~1)固溶体,用XRD、TG-DTA和XPS手段分析了该类固溶体的物相组成,并根据分析的结果绘制了固相线下相图,重点考察了Sn1-xSbxO2(x=0~1)固溶体的形成作用机制。结果表明:在600~1000℃退火温度下,Sn0.95Sb0.05O2固溶体只有四方金红石型SnO2物相的存在,锑主要以Sb5+的形式进入SnO2晶格内形成有限固溶体,而Sn0.6Sb0.4O2和Sn0.2Sb0.8O2固溶体分别在700和800℃出现了斜方白安矿型Sb2O4和四方金红石型SnO2分相;固相线下Sn1-xSbxO2(x=0~1)固溶体相图分为3个区域:四方SnO2单相区,SnO2+Sb2O4两相区和斜方Sb2O4单相区,四方SnO2单相区是(Sn,Sb)O2ss固溶体(Sb3+或Sb5+进入SnO2晶格内,并达到饱和)。(Sn,Sb)O2ss固溶体可作为导电性好和耐腐蚀的半导体材料。