增强增韧尼龙66工程塑料流变行为的研究

对以合金化技术改性所得增强增韧尼龙６６进行流变行为研究的结果表明，填充玻纤，可使其增强，但使流动性能下降：共混接枝聚丙烯，可使其增韧，并改善加工流动性，填充超细滑石粉，除有一定增强作用外，也使加工流动性，制品表面光滑程度和尺寸稳定性得到改善。填充共混的协同作用使改性尼龙６６有较好的综合性能。     

Nucleation and crystallization of polypropylene by mineral fillers: relationship to impact strength

The mechanical properties of mineral-filled polypropylene (PP) are determined not only by the size, shape and modulus of the filler particles, but also by microstructure. For example, poor impact strength is correlated with a high capacity for nucleation of crystallization. In the present study, optical microscopy has been used to measure the growth rate of spherulites in PP. In tandem with this, isothermal d.s.c. measurements have been made of the crystallization of the PP filled with talc, calcium carbonate and stearate-coated carbonate at different loading levels. Computer simulation of spherulite growth has been used to derive the number of nucleating sites per unit volume of polymer and, using surface area measurements, the number of sites per unit area of mineral surface was obtained. Values for talc were, as expected, considerably higher than those for carbonate (and especially coated carbonate) fillers. The presence of filler affects not only the nucleation and kinetics of the crystallization process but also the crystallinity and orientation indices and the proportion of β-phase crystallites present. The connection between these factors and impact strength is discussed. It is concluded that impact properties are determined by inter alia crack pinning and blocking by filler particles, stress concentrations at the edges of the filler particles, and the nucleating ability of the filler.     

Mechanical,flow, and morphological properties of talc‐ and kaolin‐filled polypropylene hybrid composites

Polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites have been produced by compounding two types of mineral fillers, viz., talc and kaolin with PP copolymer using a twin screw extruder. The PP hybrid composite was injection‐molded into dumbbell specimen for tensile, flexural, and impact properties characterizations. MFI and SEM studies were used to characterize the flow and morphological properties of the PP hybrid composites. The result shows that most of the hybrid composites showed a significant decrease in flow, tensile, flexural, and impact properties compared with the single filler‐filled PP composites. However, a hybridization effect was seen for the PPT20K10 hybrid composites, through the synergistic coalescence of positive characteristics from 20 wt % of talc and 10 wt % of kaolin. This hybrid formulation have given an economically advantageous material with the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact) comparable to those of the talc‐filled PP composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 434–441, 2007     

聚丙烯／滑石粉复合材料的等温结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究聚丙烯(PP)及PP／滑石粉复合材料的等温结晶过程。用Avrami方程全面分析PP／滑石粉的等温结晶动力学，并由此获得相关的动力学参数；用Kissinger方程研究滑石粉对PP／滑石粉复合材料结晶活化能的影响。研究表明：加入滑石粉后明显提高PP／滑石粉复合材料的结晶速率和结晶度；证明滑石粉能促进PP材料的结晶，并在PP结晶过程中起到异相成核作用。PP／滑石粉复合材料的等温结晶过程属于典型的异相成核机理。     

相容剂对聚丙烯／滑石粉增容作用研究

作者采用熔融接技方法制备PP-g-AA和PP-g-MAH,并比较了这两种相容剂对PP/滑石粉体系的增容效果。着重研究了引发剂含量、单体含量对PP-g-AA增容作用的影响以及PP-g-AA用量对PP/滑石粉体系力学强度的影响。     

Fatigue behaviour and modelling of talc‐filled and short glass fibre reinforced thermoplastics,including temperature and mean stress effects

Effects of temperature and mean stress on fatigue behaviour of talc‐filled polypropylene (PP‐T) and short glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP‐G), polyamide‐66 (PA66), and a blend of polyphenylene ether and polystyrene (PPE/PS) were investigated. Load‐controlled fatigue tests were conducted under positive stress ratios (R = 0.1 and 0.3) and at several temperatures (T = 23, 85 and 120 °C). Larson–Miller parameter was used and a shift factor of Arrhenius type was developed to correlate fatigue data at various temperatures. Effect of mean stress on fatigue life was significant for some of the studied materials; however, for the PPE/PS blend no effect of mean stress was observed. Modified Goodman and Walker mean stress equations were evaluated for their ability to correlate mean stress data. A general fatigue life prediction model was also used to account for the effects of mean stress, temperature, anisotropy and frequency.     

Transesterification of Canola Oil to Biodiesel Using CaO/Talc Nanopowder as a Mixed Oxide Catalyst

A series of heterogeneous catalysts including different molar ratios of CaO/talc was synthesized to study the transesterification reaction of canola oil and methanol under different reaction conditions. Characterization and kinetic results revealed that the activity of this catalyst was enhanced due to the increase of CaO/talc molar ratio value leading to an improvement in the biodiesel production. Moreover, the effect of various parameters on the activity of the undertaken catalysts was studied in order to determine the optimum process conditions. Leaching measurements and the durability of the CaO/talc catalyst under several reaction cycles were evaluated and proved it to be a stable catalyst.     

乘用车注塑外观塑料零件刮擦性能研究

主要针对采用十字划格的测试方法,对添加滑石粉改性PP类材料配色注塑而成的零件或样板进行抗刮擦发白性能的评估,从外观定义、配色过程、样品准备等方面分析其对刮擦测试结果产生的影响,以期找到耐刮性能影响因素和改进方向。     

PP/EPDM/滑石粉微孔发泡复合材料的制备和性能

通过微发泡注射成型方法制备PP/EPDM(三元乙丙橡胶)/滑石粉复合材料制品,并研究滑石粉的含量对PP/EPDM/滑石粉微孔发泡复合材料的微观形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加适量滑石粉的PP/EPDM/滑石粉复合材料的发泡效果优于仅添加单一的EPDM的PP/EPDM复合材料的发泡效果,而且当PP/EPDM/滑石粉的质量比为79/21/4时,微孔制品的微观形态最好;且此比例的PP/EPDM/滑石粉微孔发泡制品与未添加滑石粉的PP/EPDM微孔发泡复合材料制品相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别提高了2%、6%、4%。     

绿泥石代替滑石制备匣钵料的研究

本文根据镁质原料的矿物类型对合成堇青石的影响,讨论了用绿泥石配制堇青石质结合剂,以弥补用滑石合成堇青石的不足,为原料的开发利用提供了新途径。本文还讨论了熟料颗粒组成对匣钵性能的影响。实验结果表明,绿泥石可在较低温度下合成堇青石,并且可降低匣钵的烧成温度,这有利于节省能源。制备的匣钵经实际应用证明,具有较长使用寿命。