Orthofix 外支架治疗 Cierny Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胫骨感染性骨不连的效果

目的：探讨 Orthofix 外支架治疗 Cierny Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胫骨感染性骨不连的临床疗效。方法应用 Orthofix 外支架进行骨搬运治疗胫骨感染性骨不连22例,根据 Cierny Mader 解剖分型,Cierny Ⅲ型8例,Cierny Ⅳ型14例。记录术后外支架牵拉时间、骨搬运长度、外支架固定时间及功能情况,并进行临床疗效评价。结果所有患者均完成手术,随访12～26个月,平均18个月。外支架牵拉时间55～162 d,平均83．5 d;骨搬运长度3～10 cm,平均6．52 cm;外支架固定时间4～13个月,平均7．6个月;根据 Paley 方法评定：优11例,良9例,差2例,优良率90．9％。结论应用 Orthofix 外支架进行骨搬运治疗 Cierny Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胫骨感染性骨不连临床疗效满意。     

前交叉韧带单束移植隧道对胫/股骨承载影响的正交实验

利用膝关节处的密质骨和松质骨在CT成像中灰度值不同的特点,通过选取合适的阈值建立了含密质骨和松质骨的股骨和胫骨三维模型。同时,在视觉导航确定前交叉韧带(ACL)单束移植隧道起止点位置的条件下,按正交实验变换ACL移植隧道参数(孔径D、冠/矢状面上的倾角α/β),构建了含隧道股骨/胫骨模型。正交实验分为5个水平,依据在直立位胫/股骨处于静平衡时以等力传递载荷的原则,分别对含隧道的股骨及胫骨施加等值压缩和弯曲载荷进行有限元分析,得到隧道参数对股骨和胫骨应力影响特性。正交实验表明,三个参数对含隧道股骨的应力影响不明显(应力增量≤7.93%),但对含隧道的胫骨应力影响显著:受压缩载荷时冠/矢状面倾角α/β产生的应力增量分别达到39.10%和36.88%,而受弯曲载荷时矢状面倾角β引起应力增量最大可达24.66%。     

MSCT和MRI对胫骨平台骨折的临床诊断价值

目的 :考察MRI和MSCT对胫骨平台骨折的临床诊断价值,以及其在胫骨平台骨折AO分型方面的指导价值。方法 :以我院2009年5月至2013年11月间收治的183例胫骨平台骨折患者为研究对象,对其MSCT和MRI检查结果进行汇总分析。对比分析两种影像手段对不同AO分型的胫骨平台骨折的诊断情况。结果 :经手术和联用其它检查手段,最终确诊AO分型中B型骨折患者96例(B1型46例、B2型31例、B3型19例),C型患者87例(C1型50例、C2型22例、C3型15例)。MSCT和MRI的诊断结果显示,MRI和CT在B1型、B2型、B3型、C2型的检出比例和确诊精度均相似,且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但在C1和C3型骨折的检出比例和确诊精度方面,则以MRI较为理想,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在合并伤方面,MSCT和MRI的检出情况接近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗效果显示,参考MSCT和MRI诊断结果制定的治疗方案合理、可靠,表明MSCT和MRI在对胫骨平台骨折的诊治具有明确的临床指导价值。结论 :MSCT和MRI对不同AO分型的胫骨平台骨折和其合并伤均有较好的诊断能力。     

应用振动分析技术评价胫骨骨折愈合

本文通过计算机应用振动分析技术结合双加速度计拾振评价胫骨骨折愈合过程。离体模拟和在体实测结果表明 :骨折后 ,胫骨在两测点振动的加速度互谱主频减小 ,骨折愈严重 ,加速度互谱主频越低。随着骨折的愈合 ,骨折肢和正常肢在两测点振动的加速度互谱主频偏差逐渐减小。在骨折愈合过程中 ,年轻人比中老年人骨折愈合快。比较骨折肢和正常肢在两测点振动的加速度互谱主频 ,可判断、评价骨折愈合程度。     

锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效观察

目的探讨锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院近年来收治的87例胫骨平台骨折患者的临床资料。结果治疗组优良率为86.67%,对照组优良率为78.57%,2组患者的膝功能Merchant评分经统计学分析,有明显差异性,P<0.05。结论锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折疗效更为确切,值得临床推广使用。     

Histological and histochemical evaluations on the effects of high incubation temperature on the embryonic development of tibial growth plate in broiler chickens

The effects of experimentally induced high incubation temperature on the embryonic development of growth plate of the chicken were investigated by means of histological and enzyme histochemical methods. In the experiments, 250 fertile eggs of Ross‐308 broiler strain were divided into two groups, the control eggs were maintained under optimal conditions (37.8°C and 65% ± 2% relative humidity, rh) during the whole incubation period. Heat‐stress imposed eggs were maintained under normal conditions (37.8°C and 65% ± 2% rh) until the 10th day of incubation, and then, continuously (24 h per day) exposed to high temperature (38.8°C and 65% ± 2% rh). Tissue samples were taken from 10 animals of each group at the 11th, 13th, 15th, 18th, 21st days of incubation. Tissue samples were processed by enzyme histochemical methods in addition to routine histological techniques. The relative tibia weights and tibia length were lower in the heat‐stress group compared to the control group. The results of the measurements of the growth plate showed that the proliferative zone was narrowed whereas, the transitional and hypertrophic zone were thickened in the heat stress group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) density was significantly decreased in the heat‐stress group compared to the control group. In conclusion, bone formation and growth plate formation are crucial for embryo development and 1°C higher from optimum may increase the incidence of skeletal disorders and leg problems in broiler chickens which is one of the major animal welfare concerns for the poultry industry. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:106–110, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Mastoparan effects in skeletal muscle damage: An ultrastructural view until now concealed

Animal venoms have been valuable sources for development of new drugs and important tools to understand cellular functioning in health and disease. The venom of Polybia paulista, a neotropical social wasp belonging to the subfamily Polistinae, has been sampled by headspace solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recent study has shown that mastoparan, a major basic peptide isolated from the venom, reproduces the myotoxic effect of the whole venom. In this study, Polybia-MPII mastoparan was synthesized and studies using transmission electron microscopy were carried out in mice tibial anterior muscle to identify the subcellular targets of its myotoxic action. The effects were followed at 3 and 24 h, 3, 7, and 21 days after mastoparan (0.25 mug/muL) intramuscular injection. The peptide caused disruption of the sarcolemma and collapse of myofibril arrangement in myofibers. As a consequence, fibers presented heteromorphic amorphous masses of agglutinated myofilaments very often intermingled with denuded sarcoplasmic areas sometimes only surrounded by a persistent basal lamina. To a lesser extent, a number of fibers apparently did not present sarcolemma rupture but instead appeared with multiple small vacuoles. The results showed that sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and mitochondria were the main targets for mastoparan. In addition, a number of fibers showed apoptotic-like nuclei suggesting that the peptide causes death both by necrosis and apoptosis. This study presents a hitherto unexplored view of the effects of mastoparan in skeletal muscle and contributes to discuss how the known pharmacology of the peptide is reflected in the sarcolemma, SR, mitochondria, and nucleus of muscle fibers, apparently its subcellular targets.