GB 19865 & GB 6675 ANNEX A.A——SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL TOYS Differences Between the new and old Chinese National Standards

This article anlayzes the different requirements for electrical toys safety between GB 6675-2003 and GB19865-2005. This information is summed up in table form to make it easy for toy designers and manufacturers to grasp the new standard.     

汉字阅读的照度条件

汉字是世界上最重要的文字之一。本文对阅读汉字所需要的照度条件进行探讨。日本学者对汉字的可读程度曾有研究，但其结论不很符合中国国情。为此对汉字阅读照明条件做了实验。以视力正常的中国青年为被试，在不同的照度条件之下（５０～２０００ｌｘ），对四种最常用汉字印刷字型与不同质量的纸张形成的几种亮度对比下进行视力的检查。实验室内用扩散光环境，以避免反射眩光。查明了纸面与视线间不同倾角对可见度值没有显著的影响。识别对象用整个汉字而不是用字体中的单个笔划是符合阅读的实际情况的。     

汉语语音LSP参数频谱敏感度的研究

通过研究汉语语音ＬＳＰ分析参数的频谱敏感度，提出了一种新的频谱敏感度的定义，并实验获得了此种频谱敏感度的数学描述。用其代替以往的平均频谱敏感度，用于压缩编码，证明对音质的改善效果显著。     

2001年《中国粮油学报》学术论文的评述

本文综述了 2 0 0 1年《中国粮油学报》刊载的重要科研成果 ,对指导本学科发展 ,推动科技创新和粮油深加工具有参考价值。     

Trajectory generation of the writing–brush for a robot arm to inherit block–style Chinese character calligraphy techniques

This paper relates the trajectory generation of the writing-brush for a robot arm to inherit Chinese character calligraphy (CCC) techniques. First, to preserve the characters written by famous calligraphers in Chinese history, we constructed a CCC database which contains 29 456 characters written by different calligraphers in different styles (ancient, angular, block, semi-cursive and cursive style). With this CCC database, it is possible to search, restore and append the calligraphy writing for a specific character. Second, we mainly relate the inheritance of CCC. Because CCC is not a static thing, but a dynamic process of an activity which concerns a lot of complicated factors such as the pressure and speed control of the writing brush, how to write the start and end of strokes, etc., we propose to inherit this dynamic process by a robot. This paper is limited to discussing how to inherit the writing techniques for block-style calligraphy writing by a robot arm. The total number of Chinese characters is more than 800 000. These characters can be constructed by basic strokes. There are 28 different kinds of strokes used to construct all of these characters. The skeleton of a stroke is decided by the control points that exist within the stroke. The shape of a stroke is determined by the trajectory derived from the control points and the pressure to the writing brush. The control points for 28 strokes are given and the control techniques for a robot to write these strokes in block style are developed. At present, the robot can write any character in block style.     

GB 19865 & GB 6675 ANNEX A.A —— SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL TOYS Differences Between the new and old Chinese National Standards

This article anlayzes the different requirements for electrical toys safety between GB 6675-2003 and GB 19865-2005. This information is summed up in table form to make it easy for toy designers and manufacturers to grasp the new standard.     

符合人耳听觉特性的语音音质的客观评价方法

对于合成语音的音质进行了评价,是评价合成系统使用价值和性能的一种主要方式。通过音质评价,找出影响音质的影响,反过来指导音质改善,这正好体现了人类发声时听觉的反馈作用。现行的评价方案多为主观评价,不仅不利操作,而且不能对改善音质提供定量的建议,为了实现对语音音质的客观评价,作者通过对ＬＳＰ参数的频谱敏感度的研究,将其与听觉特性相联系,用频谱敏感度表征语音中对听觉敏感的成分,从而给出了符合人耳听觉特性     

21世纪初中国建筑在多元化设计背景下的发展特点

21世纪,在各种新技术、新材料和各种各样的设计思潮的影响下,中国建筑兼容并蓄,慢慢凸显出了一些自己的发展特点。本文通过分析21世纪以来中国的典型建筑案例,对这一时期中国建筑的特点进行了总结和论述,并探析这些特点在中国建筑中的表现形式。     

《机械工程学报》论文及参考文献的统计分析

《机械工程学报》是被“中文核心期刊要目总览”收录的机械类、力学类核心期刊。1992年～1996年共发表论文558篇,附参考文献3353篇。针对《机械工程学报》论文的平均载文量、作者合作度、报道时差及参考文献的数量、语种、文献类型、中文期刊被引频次、作者分布和年代分布等有关信息进行定量统计分析,客观地对《机械工程学报》论文及参考文献水平和一般规律进行了评价。     

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON STRUCTURAL FATIGUE RELIABILITY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS METHODS OF CHINESE RAILWAY VEHICLES

A state-of-art review is given to the new advances on fatigue reliability design and analysis methods of Chinese railway vehicle's structures.First,the structures are subject to a complicated random fatigue stressing history and this history should be determined by combining dynamic simula- tion and on-line inspection.Second,the random fatigue constitutions belong to an intrinsic fatigue phenomenon and a probabilistic model is developed to well describe them with two measurements of survival probability and confidence,similar model is also presented for the random stress-life rela- tions and extrapolated appropriately into long fatigue life regime.Third,concept of the fatigue limit should be understood as the fatigue strength at a given fatigue life and a so-called local Basquin model method is proposed for measuring the random strengths.In addition,drawing and application methods of the Goodman-Smith diagram for integrally characterizing the random fatigue strengths are established in terms of ten kilometers.Fourth,a reliability stress-based method is constructed with a consideration of the random constitutive relations.These new advances form a new frame work for railway fatigue reliability design and analysis.