Dynamic mechanical analysis and broadband electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics of poly (vinyl alcohol)-poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid)-titanium dioxide nanoparticles based tertiary nanocomposites

ABSTRACT

Novel tertiary nanocomposite films comprising of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NP_S) were prepared using simple solvent casting method. The structural, thermal, morphological, thermo-mechanical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of PVA/PSSA/TiO₂ nanocomposite films were investigated. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of PVA/PSSA/TiO₂ nanocomposite films in the X and Ku band was found to be 12 dB and 13 dB respectively at 25 wt% TiO₂ NPs loading. These results demonstrate the possible applications of PVA/PSSA/TiO₂ nanocomposite films as low cost, lightweight and flexible material for EMI shielding.     

Permeability differences based on three-dimensional geometrical information of void spaces

In this study,the permeabilities of Berea and Otway sandstones were measured under different confining pressures,and porosity was investigated through mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP).The total porosities of the Berea and Otway sandstones were approximately 17.4%and 25%,respectively.Pore size distributions of each sandstone were almost the same,but the pores in the Otway sandstone were slightly narrower.However,the permeability of the Otway sandstone was smaller than that of the Berea sandstone by one order of magnitude.Three-dimensional(3D)void geometry and geometrical properties of the void spaces relevant to flow were compared to obtain the relation between the permeability differences and porosities of the two sandstones.The 3D geometrical analysis using microfocus X-ray computed tomography(CT)was performed,and the pore geometries of both sandstones were compared using the 3D medial axis(3DMA)method.Pore and throat radii,pore coordination number,tortuosity,number of connecting paths,connecting path volume,and other factors were determined using 3DMA.The Otway sandstone was characterized by a small effective throat/pore radius ratio.Based on the fluid flow mechanism,the lower effective throat/pore radius ratio results in a lower permeability induced by the fluid energy loss,which means that the 3D geometrical shape of void spaces affects the permeability value.     

316L对接焊缝相控阵超声检测工艺模拟与试验验证

为解决中国聚变工程实验堆316L不锈钢焊缝超声波检测时,探头扫查空间受限、检测信噪比低的难题,提出了基于双晶面阵探头的相控阵超声检测方案.通过CIVA仿真,分析了不同聚焦参数下DMA探头的声场特征,确定对接接头的检测工艺.参考NB/T47013.3-2015《承压设备无损检测第3部分:超声检测》附录I,设计并制作了对比试块,验证了检测工艺下的声束覆盖和φ2 mm侧横孔信噪比.结果表明,DMA探头可以在有限的扫查空间内实现焊缝声束全覆盖,对比试块中不同位置的φ2 mm侧横孔信噪比大于15 dB.试验结果可为316L类不锈钢对接焊缝相控阵超声检测工艺制定提供参考.     

自粘改性沥青对三元乙丙防水片材热老化的不利影响

采用热重分析和动态热机械分析方法研究了改性自粘沥青对三元乙丙防水片材热老化的影响。实验表明, 复合有改性自粘沥青层的三元乙丙片材热老化后,有机物含量明显增加,玻璃化转变温度明显提高而高弹态下的贮能模量明显下降。这表明老化后增塑剂和沥青质大量迁移到三元乙丙片材中,对材料的老化性能有不利的影响。     

Sub-micrometer particulate air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China

Background

While the link between particulate matter and cardiovascular mortality is well established, it is not fully investigated and understood which properties of the aerosol might be responsible for the health effects, especially in polluted mega-city areas.

Objectives

Our goal was to explore the association between daily cardiovascular mortality and different particle metrics in the sub-micrometer range in Beijing, China.

Methods

We obtained daily counts of cause-specific cardiovascular deaths in the Beijing urban area for the period March 2004 to August 2005. Concurrently, continuous measurements of particle number size distributions were performed. Particle number concentrations (NC) between 0.003 μm and 0.8 μm were converted to particle mass and surface area concentrations assuming spherical particles. Semi-parametric Poisson regression models adjusting for trend, seasonality, day of the week, and meteorology were used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative particle effects. Additionally, effect modification by air mass origin was investigated.

Results

We observed associations between daily cardiovascular mortality and particle NC for a 2-days delay. Moreover, nearly all particle metrics showed 2-days delayed associations with ischemic heart disease mortality. The strongest association was found for particle NC in the size range 0.03-0.1 μm (7.1% increase in daily mortality with a 95%-confidence interval of 2.9%-11.5%, per an increase of 6250 particles/cm³). Results for surface and mass concentrations with a lag of two days indicated effect modification by air mass origin, whereas effects of particle NC were not modified.

Conclusions

Results show an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality in Beijing from short-term exposure to particulate air pollution in the sub-micrometer range. Results also indicate that locally produced smaller particles and regionally transported particles may exhibit different effects in Beijing.     

基于开放式架构的DDS研究与实现

华睿2号嵌入式实时平台具备实时性、灵活性等优点。基于华睿2号开放式架构综合比较,选择合理的通信中间件技术,即使用DDS来构建数据分发系统。在华睿2号平台上适配DDS所需要的传输插件、硬件结构等,以完成DDS在华睿2号平台上的部署。在完成DDS基本的QOS配置同时,根据传输方式来配置额外的QOS策略。最后,在平台实现DDS的测试与分析。对比DDS UDP传输,DDS RapidIO传输、DDS RapidIO DMA传输、逐步升级与优化,达到高实时性、高稳定性、大数据量的要求。     

多通道图像处理采集卡的设计

针对图像数据采集系统中的实时图像处理、多通道接入及高速数据传输需求,提出了利用TI图像处理器TMS320DM642型DSP芯片完成图像数据的处理、DMA和PCI总线图像数据传输的实现方法,介绍了TMS320DM642型DSP的PCI接口特性,以及DSP在PCI主模式下控制并启动DMA数据传输,并给出了DMA数据传输系统的实现原理、工作流程、WINDOWS系统下的PCI设备驱动和应用程序的实现方法.     

基于ARM+FPGA的多路广播音频处理系统

如今,越来越多的ARM＋FPGA联合系统,被用来作为数字信号处理的硬件方案。但在这种系统应用的时候,实现ARM和FPGA这两种不同速率的硬件之间的高速通信,一直是重难点技术。为了解决这一问题,可以用到一种被称之为DMA(Direct Memory Access)的传输技术[1]。这一技术不需要依赖于CPU的大量中断负载,就能实现异步数据的高速率传输。利用这一技术,在基于ARM＋FPGA联合系统的基础上,可以实现具有多路广播音频实时采集和处理功能的硬件设备。     

基于1394b总线仿真设备的WDM驱动开发

基于解决1394b和PCI的跨速率条件下通信数据易丢失,软硬件交互产生误码的目的。本文采用WDM(波分复用)驱动的串行处理操作来保护硬件;采用内核态线程保证数据传输的确定性;采用DMA(直接内存存取)保证数据的实时性;采用循环队列的模式保证数据传输的可靠性;采用乒乓原理保证硬件和软件交互的准确性等。通过实验验证,该驱动程序实现了软硬件的协调工作、提高了软件对硬件操作的操作安全性、提高了传输数据的可靠性以及实时性等。     

DMA thermal analysis of different parts of potato tuber

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was applied to three potato tissues (‘cortex’, ‘pith’, and ‘side’ surface) of two cultivars (more waxy ‘Nicola’ and more mealy ‘Saturna’) in temperature scans in the range 30–90 °C and constant air humidity of 90%. The obtained scans indicate peaks in both storage and loss module of elasticity (SM and LM, respectively) at temperatures higher than 70 °C – so called ‘starch’ peak (SP) – as was observed previously. The peak value increase with increasing potato dry matter (DM) content, below DM content approximately 14% no SP is observed (‘Nicola pith’). Slope analysis of the basic parameters: SM, LM, and loss tangent (LT) was performed and further characteristic points on the temperature plots were found: (i) in temperature range A (30–40 °C) maximum of SM and LM and minimum of LT, (ii) in temperature range B (40–50 °C) minimum of SM and LM slopes corresponding to point of inflection on SM-T and LM-T plots, (iii) at about 50 °C, big peak in LT in side tissue only, (iv) at about 70 °C just prior the ‘starch’ peak, big peak in LT that is more marked in ‘pith’; this peak denoted as ‘I’ influenced the ‘starch’ peak ‘II’. It was found that both cultivar and part of the tuber influences the DMA temperature plots.